灵芝 Ganoderma lucidum - PubMed 文献(第 4 页)
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灵芝 的 PubMed 搜索结果(第 4 页)
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Preferential induction of Th17 cells in vitro and in vivo by Fucogalactan from Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi). 灵芝（赤芝）岩藻半乳聚糖在体外和体内优先诱导Th17细胞
The mushroom known as Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) has been used as an herbal medicine for tumor treatment and immune system activation. Because its effects on the differentiation of effector T helper cells have not yet been fully understood, we investigated the effects of Reishi and those of its principal ingredient, β-glucan, on the activation of dendritic cells and the differentiation of Th17 cells. Reishi extracts as well as purified β-glucan (Curdran) activated DCs and caused them to produce large amounts of IL-23. β-glucan also enhanced and sustained the transcription of IL-23p19. The MEK-ERK signaling pathway positively regulates IL-23p19 transcription in β-glucan-stimulated DCs. In a mixed leukocyte reaction, Reishi-stimulated DCs preferentially induced Th17 cells. Furthermore, orally-administrated Reishi increased the percentages of Th17 cells and the transcription levels of antimicrobial peptides. Our results show that Reishi and β-glucan activate DCs to produce large amounts of IL-23, which induces Th17 differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Polysaccharide structure evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum from different regions in China based on an innovative extraction strategy. 基于创新提取策略的中国不同地区灵芝多糖结构评价
The polysaccharides and triterpenes are important functional components of Ganoderma lucidum, but traditional preparation process of G. lucidum functional components can only realize the preparation of single functional component, which has poor targeting and low efficiency. In this study, the existence state of the functional components of G. lucidum was revealed. Then, the single step extraction process for functional components was established, and the precise structure evaluation of polysaccharide and triterpenes was conducted based on the process. The results showed that preparation time required for this strategy is only one-sixth of the traditional one, and 50 % of raw materials can be saved. Structural analysis of the functional components revealed that triterpenes were mainly Ganoderic acid and Lucidenic acid, and the polysaccharide structure was mainly 1,3-glucan and 1,3,6-glucan. The establishment of single step extraction strategy and the evaluation of the fine structure of functional components improved the efficiency of preparation and result determination, and provided an important basis for the development and utilization of green and low-carbon G. lucidum and even edible fungi resources and human nutritional dietary improvement strategies.
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{"_":"Systems Pharmacology-based Drug Discovery and Active Mechanism of Triterpenoids for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.","i":["Ganoderma lucidum"]} {"_":"基于系统药理学的药物发现及三萜类化合物治疗2型糖尿病的活性机制：整合网络药理学与分子对接。","i":["灵芝"]}
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease primarily characterized by insufficient insulin secretion or reduced insulin sensitivity in the body's cells, leading to persistently high blood glucose levels. triterpenoids, as important secondary metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, have shown preliminary potential efficacy in the treatment of T2DM according to existing research. However, due to the structural complexity and diversity of these triterpenoid compounds, as well as the intricate interactions between their therapeutic targets and active ingredients, the precise molecular and pharmacological mechanisms remain to be further explored. In the present research, we aim to fully employ the integrated approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking methodologies, delving deeply into the potential therapeutic targets and their underlying pharmacological mechanisms in the management of T2DM triterpenoids. The active compounds were sourced from prior research and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Their potential targets were predicted with the aid of Swiss Target Prediction. Genes linked to T2DM were gathered from DisGeNET and GeneCards. Using Cytoscape, we established the network connecting active ingredients, targets, and pathways, and the target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using data from the STRING database. The core targets of triterpenoids underwent gene enrichment analysis DAVID. Lastly, to validate our chosen Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, we conducted molecular docking experiments between the compounds and their targets. A total of 53 Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids and 116 associated targets were identified. Among these, SRC, MAPK1, MAPK3, HSP90AA1, TP53, PIK3CA, and AKT1 emerged as pivotal targets. We retrieved 447 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotations and 153 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, notably including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Endocrine resistance, Rap1 signaling pathway, and Lipid and Atherosclerosis, which are known to be associated with T2DM. Our findings suggest that triterpenoids may confer resistance to T2DM through mechanisms related to hyperexcitability, cell death, cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and multi-technology approach has been established, which uncovers the collaborative effects and underlying principles of triterpenoids in the management and therapy of T2DM from a holistic perspective. This approach provides new insights into the development of novel biological control products for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and lays the foundation for future systematic studies on the interactions between Ganoderma triterpenes and different targets, elucidating their primary and secondary pathways for lowering blood glucose.
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{"_":"Isolation and Characterization of Three Antihypertension Peptides from the Mycelia of (Agaricomycetes).","i":["Ganoderma Lucidum"]} {“_”：“从蘑菇菌丝体中分离和鉴定三种抗高血压肽。”，“i”：[“灵芝”]}
() has been widely used in Asia to treat hypertension, but the active substances responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain unclear. Using the well-established angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) as a target, we identified three ACE inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs), Gln-Leu-Val-Pro (QLVP), Gln-Asp-Val-Leu (QDVL), and Gln-Leu-Asp-Leu (QLDL), which account for the antihypertensive activity of . Notably, QLVP worked in a mixed-type manner against ACE with an IC value of 127.9 μmol/L. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the potent charge energy of QLVP, which interacted with Gln242 and Lys472 of ACE via a hydrogen bond and a salt bridge, potentially contributed to ACE inhibitory activity. Moreover, QLVP markedly activated angiotensin I-mediated phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and partly reduced mRNA and protein expression of the vasoconstrictor factor endothelin-1. This is the first report of the antihypertensive activity of small ACEIPs originating from mycelia, paving the way for the possible application of these peptides as potent drug candidates for treating hypertension.
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Screening of Indian Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes): A UPC2-SQD-MS Approach. 印度灵芝或赤芝药用蘑菇灵芝（伞菌纲）的筛选：UPC2-SQD-MS方法
Oriental medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used for the promotion of health and longevity owing to its various bioactive constituents. Therefore, comprehending metabolomics of different G. lucidum parts could be of paramount importance for investigating their pharmacological properties. Ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) along with mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging technique that has not yet been applied for metabolite profiling of G. lucidum. This study has been undertaken to establish metabolomics of the aqueous extracts of mycelium (GLM), fruiting body (GLF), and their mixture (GLMF) using ultra-performance convergence chromatography single quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPC2-SQD-MS). Aqueous extracts of G. lucidum prepared using an accelerated solvent extraction technique have been characterized for their mycochemical activities in terms of total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power. The UPC2-SQD-MS technique has been used for the first time for metabolite profiling of G. lucidum on a Princeton Diol column (4.6 × 250 mm; 5 µm) using supercritical CO2 (solvent) and 20 mM ammonium acetate in methanol (co-solvent). In the present study, UPC2-SQD-MS was found to be a rapid, efficient, and high-throughput analytical technique, whose coupling to principal component analysis (PCA) and phytochemical evaluation could be used as a powerful tool for elucidating metabolite diversity between mycelium and fruiting body of G. lucidum. PCA showed a clear distinction in the metabolite compositions of the samples. Mycochemical studies revealed that overall GLF possessed better antioxidant properties among the aqueous extracts of G. lucidum.
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14-3-3 proteins are involved in growth, hyphal branching, ganoderic acid biosynthesis, and response to abiotic stress in Ganoderma lucidum. 14-3-3蛋白参与灵芝的生长、菌丝 branching、灵芝酸生物合成及非生物胁迫响应
Ganoderma lucidum, which contains many pharmacologically active compounds, is regarded as a traditional medicinal fungus. Nevertheless, the scarcity of basic research limits the commercial value and utilization of G. lucidum. As a class of highly conserved, phosphopeptide-binding proteins present in all eukaryotes, 14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in controlling multiple physiological processes, including signal transduction, primary metabolism, and stress responses. However, knowledge of the roles of 14-3-3 proteins in Basidiomycetes is sparse. In this article, two homologs of 14-3-3 proteins, encoded by the two distinct genes GlBmh1 and GlBmh2, were distinguished in G. lucidum. We found that GlBmh1 and GlBmh2 were expressed at various developmental stages, including in vegetative mycelium cultivated on solid medium and in primordia and fruiting bodies. Moreover, we constructed GlBmh1 single-silenced strains, GlBmh2 single-silenced strains, and 14-3-3 double-silenced mutants for further study. When GlBmh1 and GlBmh2 were inhibited by RNA interference, the growth rate of mycelia was decreased, and the distance between the aerial hyphal branches was reduced; responses to various abiotic stresses such as oxidants and cell wall and osmotic stressors were also changed. Furthermore, the contents of secondary metabolite ganoderic acids (GAs) were increased after GlBmh1 and GlBmh2 were simultaneously silenced. Taken together, we provide evidence that implicates potential roles for the two 14-3-3 proteins in affecting growth and GA biosynthesis, thereby providing new insights into the basic functions of 14-3-3 proteins in G. lucidum.
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{"_":"Self-Medication with (\"Reishi\") to Combat Parkinson's Disease Symptoms: A Single Case Study.","i":["Ganoderma lucidum"]} {"_":"使用灵芝（“赤芝”）自我药疗以对抗帕金森病症状：单例研究。","i":["灵芝"]}
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatments, mainly focused on motor symptoms. In contrast, conventional pharmacological treatments do not address cognitive impairment and emotional dysfunction. Together with potential treatment side effects, these can cause distress, lower the quality of life, and increase motor impairment in patients. Preclinical research suggests that the Traditional Chinese Medicine ("Reishi") can alleviate symptoms in neurological disorders like PD. However, no clinical research to date has addressed this. An (unmedicated) patient, 50 years of age and diagnosed with PD for 5 years, approached the author as he decided to initiate self-treatment with Reishi, lasting 3 months. He wanted to evaluate the effects and decide to continue self-treatment or not. He agreed to be followed during this period, using questionnaires asking him about his (non-)motor symptoms. The most notable finding was the increase in Mindfulness, 3 months after self-treatment started. The motor symptoms stayed stable, there were no extreme changes in quality of life, and emotion regulation seemed to deteriorate over time while slightly improving at the 3-month assessment. While the findings do not allow firm conclusions seen the nature ( = 1) of this study, the small positive changes in some facets of affective behavior and the patient's experience, combined with the evidence from preclinical research, warrant clinical studies in this patient population.
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Overproduction of laccase from a newly isolated Ganoderma lucidum using the municipal food waste as main carbon and nitrogen supplement. 利用城市厨余垃圾作为主要碳氮补充物，新分离灵芝漆酶的高产
A strain of Ganoderma lucidum was separated and identified according to its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data. The fungus is a laccase producer and it can secrete laccase using the municipal food waste (FW) as carbon and nitrogen supplement. After the statistic optimization, a laccase activity of 42,000 ± 600 U/l was obtained at 500 ml flask level and the activity is 12,000 U/l higher than that obtained by fermenting glucose and peptone, indicating that the use of FW to produce laccase not only reduces production cost, but also improves laccase activity. In 15 l bioreactor, FW is also suitable for laccase production and the maximum laccase activity reached 54,000 U/l. Moreover, some details of laccase overproduction using FW were investigated. The G. lucidum consumes FW by secreting a series of hydrolases and proteases and the improvement of laccase activity is because FW induces over-expression of three isoenzymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis.
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Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ganoderma lucidum Extract Effects on Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. 灵芝提取物的抗癌和抗炎特性对黑色素瘤和三阴性乳腺癌治疗的影响
Among the most important traditional medicinal fungi, has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer, in Oriental countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-metastatic activities of extracts in melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer cells. extracts were prepared by using common organic solvents; MDA-MB 231 and B16-F10 cell lines were adopted as cellular models for triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma and characterized for cell viability, wound-healing assay and measurement of cytokines secreted by cancer cells under pro-inflammatory conditions (incubation with lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and pretreatment with extract at different concentrations. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, how extracts can significantly inhibit the release of IL-8, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cancer cells under pro-inflammatory condition. Interestingly, extracts significantly also decrease the viability of both cancer cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with abilities to reduce cell migration over time, which is correlated with a lower release of matrix metalloproteases. Taken together, these results indicate the possible use of extract for the therapeutic management of melanoma and human triple-negative breast cancer.
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Computational exploration of Ganoderma lucidum metabolites as potential anti-atherosclerotic agents: Insights from molecular docking and dynamics simulations. 灵芝代谢物作为潜在抗动脉粥样硬化剂的计算探索：来自分子对接和动力学模拟的见解
Ganoderma lucidum is a unique form of fungus utilized in Chinese medicine for various therapies as it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study, the purpose is to evaluate the possible drug-like qualities of the metabolites of G. lucidium as well as the impact that these metabolites have on the pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Throughout our research, a total of 17 compounds were chosen based on their drug-like properties. These compounds were then utilized in the subsequent networking and docking simulations. According to the findings, the compound ganodone has a maximum binding energy of -7.243 Kcal/mol. In terms of the binding energy, it has been discovered that the compound cianidanol has the lowest value. Based on the findings of the molecular docking investigations, it was determined that TNF, AKT1, SRC, and STAT3 exhibited a higher affinity for the complex. To determine this, molecular dynamics simulation was performed for about 100 nanoseconds. Following the completion of the GO functional analysis, it was discovered that the target genes were involved in the processes of protein binding, ATP binding, enzyme binding, and protein tyrosine kinase activity. Overall, the study results provide a view of possible metabolites that may have an impact on disease progression.