灵芝 Ganoderma lucidum - PubMed 文献(第 5 页)
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灵芝 的 PubMed 搜索结果(第 5 页)
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GSK3 phosphorylates and activates trehalose-6-phosphate synthase to improve trehalose production and thermotolerance in Ganoderma lucidum. GSK3磷酸化并激活海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶以提高灵芝中海藻糖产量和耐热性
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) plays crucial roles in diverse organisms, yet its physiological functions in filamentous fungi remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that knockdown of GlGSK3 in Ganoderma lucidum leads to increased glycogen accumulation, reduced pyruvate and ATP production, and impaired hyphal growth and thermotolerance. GlGSK3 interacts with and phosphorylates trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) at Serine 529, enhancing its enzymatic activity. Consistent with the central role of TPS in trehalose biosynthesis, trehalose levels were significantly lower in gltps-kd and glgsk3-kd strains compared to the wild type. Similarly, gltps-kd strains also exhibited diminished hyphal growth and thermotolerance. Under heat stress, both GlGSK3 and GlTPS protein levels were upregulated, leading to increased GlTPS phosphorylation, enhanced enzymatic activity, and elevated trehalose accumulation. Together, these results uncover a key role for GlGSK3 and the GSK3-TPS module in G. lucidum in regulating growth and adaptation to environmental stress.
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GlPRMT5 inhibits GlPP2C1 via symmetric dimethylation and regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in Ganoderma lucidum. GlPRMT5通过对称二甲基化抑制GlPP2C1并调控灵芝次生代谢产物的生物合成
PRMT5, a type II arginine methyltransferase, is involved in transcriptional regulation, RNA processing and other biological processes and signal transduction. Secondary metabolites are vital pharmacological compounds in Ganoderma lucidum, and their content is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of G. lucidum. Here, we found that GlPRMT5 negatively regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In further in-depth research, GlPP2C1 (a type 2C protein phosphatase) was identified out as an interacting protein of GlPRMT5 by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS). Further mass spectrometry detection revealed that GlPRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates the arginine 99 (R99) and arginine 493 (R493) residues of GlPP2C1 to weaken its activity. The symmetrical dimethylation modification of the R99 residue is the key to affecting GlPP2C1 activity. Symmetrical demethylation-modified GlPP2C1 does not affect the interaction with GlPRMT5. In addition, silencing GlPP2C1 clearly reduced GA content, indicating that GlPP2C1 positively regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in G. lucidum. In summary, this study reveals the molecular mechanism by which GlPRMT5 regulates secondary metabolites, and these studies provide further insights into the target proteins of GlPRMT5 and symmetric dimethylation sites. Furthermore, these studies provide a basis for the mutual regulation between different epigenetic modifications.
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Neuroprotective Potential and Chemical Profile of Alternatively Cultivated Ganoderma lucidum Basidiocarps. 替代栽培灵芝担子果的神经保护潜力和化学特征
Various neurodegenerative diseases are the main challenges to the modern medicine and there is a great need for novel, natural, neuroprotective agents. Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom, which health benefits have been confirmed by numerous studies. As demand for its basidiocarps is increased and traditional cultivation on hardwoods is not environmentally friendly and economically justified, finding of alternative substrates is necessary. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of alternative cultivation substrates on the chemical profile of G. lucidum basidiocarps and their capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, which higher activity is directly associated with neurodegenerative processes. Extracts of basidiocarps cultivated on alternative substrates, especially on clear wheat straw, showed significantly higher inhibition capacities than extracts of commercially-grown ones. These extracts were considerably different chemically from commercial basidiocarps extracts and even nine new compounds were isolated from them. Our results suggest that cultivation substrate greatly affect the chemical profile and neuroprotective capacity of obtained basidiocarps and wheat straw is a promising cultivation substrate.
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Comprehensive evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum extracts: digestion kinetics, gut microbiota modulation, and immunoregulatory mechanisms. 灵芝提取物的综合评估：消化动力学、肠道微生物群调节和免疫调节机制
Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) exhibits medicinal-edible functionality mediated by bioactive components such as β-glucans and ganoderic acids that regulate immune responses through multiple pathways. However, the digestive transformation and microbiota-mediated interactions of G. lucidum extracts remain insufficiently characterized, and oral delivery results in substantial degradation during digestion, leading to limited bioavailability (<10%). The impact of extraction methods on component stability, digestive behavior, and metabolite profiles also remains unclear. To address these gaps, an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model combined with RAW 264.7 macrophage assays and RNA sequencing was used to investigate aqueous and ethanol extract of G. lucidum. The results revealed a "digestion-metabolism-immunity" cascade influenced by extraction method, concentration, and digestion stage, with gut microbiota modulation favoring anti-inflammatory activity and increased colonic butyrate production. Immunological assessments further demonstrated suppressed inflammatory mediators and modulation of immune-related pathways, with RNA-Seq identifying key regulatory genes involved in these processes, providing insights for optimizing Ganoderma-based functional foods and advancing applications in precision nutrition.
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Structural characteristics, sugar metabolizing enzyme activity and biological activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides at different growth stages. 不同生长阶段灵芝多糖的结构特征、糖代谢酶活性和生物活性
The Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) content, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sugar metabolism-related enzyme activities and in vitro antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body (GLFB) from cassava stalk cultivation at different growth stages (namely, differentiation stage, umbrella stage, maturity stage and spore stage) were determined. The results showed that the monosaccharides of GLPs in GLFB were mainly composed of galactose, glucose, and mannose. During the maturation of GLFB, the polysaccharide content, hexose kinase and phosphoglucose isomerase activities showed an increasing trend, the structure of functional groups did not change significantly, and the molecular weight of GLPs showed a tendency to increase (112 kDa up to 11358 kDa) and then decrease (11358 kDa down to 7678 kDa). Of the four growth stages, the spore stage had the highest GLPs content of 4.11%, the highest hexokinase (HK) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGM) activities of 4051.4 and 322.1 nmol/(min/g), respectively, the highest total antioxidant activity (18.79 mmol/mL) and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (36.15%). This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of cassava stalks in GLFB cultivation and harvesting.
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Polysaccharide-Protein Complex Isolated from Fruiting Bodies and Cultured Mycelia of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Myocardial Injury in Rats. 从灵芝或赤芝药用蘑菇灵芝（伞菌纲）子实体和培养菌丝体中分离的多糖-蛋白复合物减轻多柔比星诱导的大鼠氧化应激和心肌损伤
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the polysaccharide-protein complex isolated from the fruiting bodies (GLFPPC) and cultured mycelia (GLMPPC) of a highly valued medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, to alleviate doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. GLFPPC and GLMPPC were isolated from aqueous-alcoholic extracts of fruiting bodies and cultured mycelia of G. lucidum by repeated ethanol precipitation, dialysis, treatment with Sevag reagent, and freeze drying. The polysaccharide component was confirmed by assays with anthrone and phenol-sulphuric acid regents and protein moiety with Bradford reagent. The amino acid profile of protein moiety was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was determined using Swiss albino mice. DOX administration caused a marked increase of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activities, indicating injury to the myocardium. The polysaccharide-protein complex downregulated cardiac injury marker enzymes, enhanced activities of endogenous antioxidants (namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione levels), and significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that GLFPPC and GLMPPC imparted protection against DOX-induced oxidative stress. Biochemical assays coupled with histopathological observations supported this conclusion. These experimental findings suggest that the polysaccharide-protein complex isolated from G. lucidum might be a useful therapeutic agent to ameliorate DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Molecular networking and Paterno-Büchi reaction guided glycerides characterization and antioxidant activity assessment of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil. 分子网络和Paterno-Büchi反应指导灵芝孢子油的甘油酯表征和抗氧化活性评估
Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is a dietary supplement, with glycerides (GLs) recognized as its important active component. However, comprehensive profiling and accurate structural characterization of GLs in GLSO remain underexplored. In this study, 59 GLs from GLSO were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) and molecular networking (MN). The double bond isomers of these compounds were further resolved by the Paterno-Büchi (PB) reaction coupled with UPLC-Q-TOF MS, resulting in the identification of 36 unsaturated GLs, including 5 pairs of positional isomers. In summary, 64 GLs were characterized, consisting of 9 diacylglycerols (DGs) and 55 triacylglycerols (TGs). Additionally, the compositional variations, antioxidant activities, and relative isomer ratios of CC positional isomers of GLSO from eight different manufacturers were revealed, with 11 GLs correlating with antioxidant activity. This study enhances the understanding of the nutritional value of GLSO and lays a foundation for future quality standard formulation.
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{"_":"Determination of genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of wild-grown Reishi mushroom () using the hen's egg test for analysis of micronucleus induction.","i":["Ganoderma lucidum"]} {"_":"使用鸡蛋微核试验测定野生灵芝的遗传毒性和抗遗传毒性效应。","i":["灵芝"]}
The micronucleus (MN) technique is commonly used for genotoxicity testing. The hen's egg test (HET) for analysis of MN induction (HET-MN) is an inexpensive, rapid and simple genotoxicity assay that is compatible with animal protection and ethical considerations. (Curtis) P. Karst is known also as reishi mushroom and mushroom of immortality. It has long been used to treat disorders including fungal infections, influenza, common cold, hepatitis, diabetes, high cholesterol and cancer in many countries including China and Japan. strengthens the immune system and reduces the side effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. We investigated the possible genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of wild-grown from Turkey using the HET-MN test. Three different doses of aqueous extract of , 50 µg/egg vitamin C as an antigenotoxic agent and 50 µg/egg cyclophosphamide as a genotoxic compound were injected separately or together into fertilized chicken eggs at incubation day 8. Embryonic peripheral blood smears were prepared and stained with a modified May-Grünwald-Giemsa method on incubation day 11. The frequencies of MN and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes were determined using light microscopy. Although the aqueous extract exhibited no genotoxic effect, it did exhibit an antigenotoxic effect. Our findings suggest that extract is a valuable natural antigenotoxic agent.
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Evaluation of the Potential Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Extract in an Animal Model of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures. 潜在抗惊厥和神经保护作用的评估... (原文已截断)
Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) has neuro-therapeutic and anticonvulsant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract on pentylenetetrazol-induced brain damage in male Wistar rats and to analyze behavioral manifestations in vivo. Seizure latency, duration, and severity were measured in PTZ-treated rats according to the Racine scale; thus, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase catalytic activity were measured by the 2-thiobarbituric acid, Griess reagent, and hydrogen peroxide methods, respectively. PTZ-injured rats showed both shorter seizure latency and longer seizure duration and intense seizure severity. The effects were enhanced by GLE in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GLE decreased NO levels, increased catalase levels and decreased MDA levels in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in rats treated with PTZ (75 mg/kg; i.p.). GLE conferred anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects against PTZ-induced brain damage by repressing molecular processes involved in the production of oxidative stress markers.
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Structural variety of glucans from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.
Ganoderma lucidum, widely used in traditional medicine, has several biological properties. Polysaccharides, mainly glucans, are known as one of its main bioactive compounds. Consequently, the achievement and chemical investigation of such molecules are of pharmaceutical interest. Herein, we obtained water-insoluble and water-soluble polysaccharides from G. lucidum by alkaline extraction. Fractionation process yielded three fractions (GLC-1, GLC-2, and GLC-3). All samples showed to be composed mainly of glucans. GLC-1 is a linear (1 → 3)-linked β-glucan; GLC-2 is a mixture of three different linear polysaccharides: (1 → 3)-β-glucan, (1 → 3)-α-glucan, and (1 → 4)-α-mannan; while GLC-3 is a branched β-glucan with a (1 → 4)-linked main chain, which is branched at O-3 or O-6 by (1 → 3)- or (1 → 6)-linked side chains. This research reports the variability of glucans in Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and applicable methodologies to obtain such molecules. These polysaccharides can be further applied in biological studies aiming to investigate how their chemical differences may affect their biological properties.