灵芝 Ganoderma lucidum - PubMed 文献(第 3 页)
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灵芝 的 PubMed 搜索结果(第 3 页)
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Effect of Ganoderma lucidum water extract on flavor volatiles and quality characteristics of set-type yogurt. 灵芝水提取物对凝固型酸奶风味挥发物和品质特性的影响
This study investigated the effects of several concentrations of Ganoderma lucidum water extract (GLWE) (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) on set-type yogurt's flavor volatiles as well as the physicochemical, textural, and antioxidant activities of the yogurt during storage. The HS-SPME-GC-MS investigation found that adding GLWE increased the amount of flavor volatiles in yogurt, which improved the quality of flavor volatiles produced by the yogurt. The yogurt's water holding capacity, syneresis, color, and texture all showed optimum values at a 0.5 % GLWE concentration, and its total number of flavor volatiles reached 43. To sum up, the incorporation of GLWE at a 0.5 % concentration promotes the development of superior flavor volatiles in yogurt and enhances its qualitative attributes in contrast to the control group.
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Roles of α-1,3-glucosyltransferase in growth and polysaccharides biosynthesis of Ganoderma lucidum. α-1,3-葡萄糖基转移酶在灵芝生长和多糖生物合成中的作用
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are valuable natural compounds possessing significant biological activity, with glycosyltransferases playing a crucial role in their biosynthesis. Although the function of β-1,3-glucosyltransferase in polysaccharides production is well understood, the role of α-1,3-glucosyltransferase in edible fungi remains unclear. In this study, over-expression of the α-1,3-glucosyltransferase gene in G. lucidum (glagt) was found to suppress the growth, with the maximum biomass and mycelial growth rate decreasing by 21.78 % and 79.61 %, respectively, a behavior distinct from β-1,3-glucosyltransferase. The fungal pellet diameter decreased by 38 % and the cell-wall thickness by 32.44 %, whereas intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides production increased by 27.58 % and 66.08 %, respectively. In the transcription level, overexpressing the glagt gene i) downregulated the citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase gene in the TCA cycle, disrupting energy metabolism and fungal growth; ii) upregulated key enzymes involved in UDP-glucose synthesis and glycosyltransferases (gl24465, gl24971, and gl22535); and iii) universally increased the transcriptional level of glucosidases gl21451, gl30087, and gl24581 by 22 %-397 %, contributing to cell-wall thinning to facilitate polysaccharides export. Conversely, the glagt gene downregulation promoted G. lucidum growth and decreased polysaccharides production. The results elucidate the roles of GLAGT and are expected to inspire in-depth exploration of polysaccharides biosynthesis pathways.
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Purification, structural characterization, and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. 灵芝多糖的纯化、结构表征和免疫调节活性
A preliminary relationship was illustrated between the structural characteristics and corresponding immunomodulatory activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides. Two polysaccharides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) were purified from Ganoderma lucidum extracts by gradient ethanol precipitation and a Q-Sepharose Fast Flow (QFF) strong anion-exchange column. The monosaccharide composition, high-performance gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering-refractive index (HPGPC-MALLS-RI), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize these polysaccharides. The GLP-1 polysaccharide was elucidated as d-galactoglucan with a flexible random linear conformation that mainly composed of →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ residues. GLP-2 was found to be a relatively homogeneous β-d-glucan that possessing →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ residues packaged into a spherical conformation. Immunomodulatory activities in vivo demonstrated that GLP-1 produced better protection of the spleen and thymus and was more effective for promoting hematopoiesis and improving IgA levels in serum. Our results suggest that the immunomodulatory activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides are highly corresponded to their structural characteristics such as carbohydrate composition, molecular weight and advanced conformation. This study provides a preliminary basis for studying the relationship between polysaccharide structure characterization and pharmacological activities.
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Neuropharmacological Effect and Clinical Applications of Ganoderma (Lingzhi). 灵芝的神经药理作用及临床应用
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) is a kind of medical mushroom with various pharmacological compounds. It has been used for clinical applications for thousands of years as a highly nutritious and significantly effective medicinal herb. Compared with its immunomodulatory effect, there are a few studies on the neuropharmacological actions of Ganoderma, and the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. As far as we know, Ganoderma regulate the central nervous system (CNS) at least in part through its immunomodulatory activity. The neuropharmacological effects of G. lucidum mainly include but not limited to sedative and hypnotic, neuroprotective, antinociceptive and analgesic, antiepileptic, and antidepressant effects. Clinical trials of G. lucidum in the patients with these disorders are still rare. To date, there are no Ganoderma-related drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this chapter, we will summarize and elucidate recent progress of such effects of Ganoderma and its ingredients from both the preclinical and clinical points of view.
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, renowned as an essential edible and medicinal mushroom in China, remains shrouded in limited understanding concerning the intrinsic mechanisms governing the accumulation of active components and potential protein expression across its diverse developmental stages. Accordingly, this study employed a meticulous integration of metabolomics and proteomics techniques to scrutinize the dynamic alterations in metabolite accumulation and protein expression in throughout its growth phases. The metabolomics analysis unveiled elevated levels of triterpenoids, steroids, and polyphenolic compounds during the budding stage (BS) of mushroom growth, with prominent compounds including Diplazium and Ganoderenic acids E, H, and I, alongside key steroids such as cholesterol and 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol. Additionally, nutrients such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and purines exhibited heightened presence during the maturation stage (FS) of ascospores. Proteomic scrutiny demonstrated the modulation of triterpenoid synthesis by the CYP450, HMGR, HMGS, and ERG protein families, all exhibiting a decline as . progressed, except for the ARE family, which displayed an upward trajectory. Therefore, BS is recommended as the best harvesting period for . This investigation contributes novel insights into the holistic exploitation of .
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Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum against selected bacteria and fungi of medical importance. 灵芝对医学重要细菌和真菌的植物化学分析及抗菌活性
Ganoderma lucidum is a rapidly growing mushroom, wood-colonizing fungus belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. G. lucidum exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, with its potentials, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of its purified compounds have been relatively understudied. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial effects of Ganoderma lucidum against selected bacteria and fungi of medical importance. Molecular Identification was done by targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene. The phytochemical composition of the extract was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial testing was performed using the agar well diffusion method to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the extract against select microorganisms. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 44 compounds in the methanol and 29 compounds in the aqueous extracts of the mushroom. Antimicrobial analysis demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 10.5 mm), Escherichia coli (MIC: 33.5 mm), and Candida albicans (MIC: 16 mm), as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 15 mm). The methanol extract showed moderate effects against Rhizopus sp. at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml with (MIC: 16 mm and 18 mm) but showed resistance to the chloramphenicol. However, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium showed resistance against Ganoderma lucidum. Overall, this findings show the extracts has the potential for combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.
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Use of Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharide to control cotton fusarium wilt, and the mechanism involved. 利用灵芝多糖防治棉花枯萎病及其机理研究
Induced resistance is an effective measure for controlling plant diseases by utilizing the natural defense of the host and meets the strategic needs of pesticide application and safety for agricultural products worldwide. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), which is the main active molecule of G. lucidum, has been widely used in functional food and clinical medicine. However, there are few reports of the use of GLP for the prevention and control of plant diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of GLP and its mechanism of inducing plant resistance. In this study, we found that GLP spray and irrigation root treatments can promote growth in cotton. After soaking in GLP, theseedling height and cotton fusarium wilt resistance both increased to some extent, effects that were dose dependent. After treatment of cotton with GLP, the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in leaves increased significantly, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. In addition, QRT-PCR results showed significantly increased relative expression of genes related to the jasmonic acid pathway in cotton. Therefore, we speculate that GLP can induce plant resistance by stimulating the jasmonate pathway.
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{"_":"-Derived Meroterpenoids Show Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro.","i":["Ganoderma lucidum"]} {"_":"灵芝来源的杂萜类化合物在体外显示出抗炎活性。","i":["灵芝"]}
, known as the "herb of spiritual potency", is used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, but the responsible constituents for its therapeutic effects are largely unknown. For the purpose of obtaining insight into the chemical and biological profiling of meroterpenoids in , various chromatographic approaches were utilized for the title fungus. As a result, six undescribed meroterpenoids, chizhienes A-F (-), containing two pairs of enantiomers ( and ), were isolated. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic and computational methods. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were evaluated by Western blot analysis in LPS-induced macrophage cells (RAW264.7), showing that and could dose dependently inhibit iNOS but not COX-2 expression. Further, and were found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production using the Greiss reagent test. The current study will aid in enriching the structural and biological diversity of -derived meroterpenoids.
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Significance of culture period on the physiochemistry and anti-cancer potentials of polysaccharides from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum. 培养周期对灵芝菌丝体多糖理化性质及抗癌潜力的影响
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GPS) have many functions. Polysaccharides are abundant in G. lucidum mycelia, but it is unclear whether the production and chemical characteristics of polysaccharides are related to the liquid cultural periods of mycelia. This study harvests G. lucidum mycelia at different cultural stages and isolates GPS and sulfated polysaccharides (GSPS) separately to determine an optimum cultural duration. After 42 and 49 days of mycelia are found to be the best times to harvest GPS and GSPS. Characteristic studies show that glucose and galactose are the main sugars in GPS and GSPS. The molecular weights of various GPS and GSPS are mainly distributed at >1000 kDa and from 101 to 1000 kDa. The sulfate content of GSPS at Day 49 is greater than that at Day 7. GPS and GSPS at 49 days exhibits a good anticancer effect but does not affect normal fibroblasts. GPS and GSPS that is isolated on day 49 inhibits lung cancer by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR)-mediated signaling networks. These results show that the mycelia of G. lucidum that are cultured for 49 days exhibit the best biological characteristics.
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Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on chronic pancreatitis and intestinal microbiota in mice. 灵芝多糖对小鼠慢性胰腺炎和肠道微生物群的影响
This study manifested the effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum strain S (GLP S) on chronic pancreatitis (CP) therapy and intestinal microbiota modulation in mice induced by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). The GLPS was prepared from cultured mycelium and markedly alleviated the pancreatitis in mice through decreasing lipase, AMS, IFN-γ and TNF-α level as well as increasing SOD and total antioxidant activity. Furthermore, high throughput sequencing analysis revealed that GLPS altered the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota, especially, decreased the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and increased that of phylum Firmictutes. At the genus level, supplementation of GLPS increased the relative abundance of the beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillales, Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae. These results disclosed the potential therapy mechanism of GLPS on chronic pancreatitis might be intestinal microbiota dependent.