灵芝 Ganoderma lucidum - PubMed 文献(第 2 页)
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灵芝 的 PubMed 搜索结果(第 2 页)
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The thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of a Ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan inhibiting hIAPP amyloidosis. 灵芝蛋白多糖抑制hIAPP淀粉样变性的热力学和动力学机制
Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable medicinal herbal which has been reported to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). A natural hyperbranched proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, namely, FYGL, has been demonstrated to inhibit the amyloidosis of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) previously by our lab. However, the effective active components and the mechanisms of FYGL in inhibiting hIAPP amyloidosis are unknown. To identify the effective active components, different components from FYGL were isolated: the polysaccharide FYGL-1, the proteoglycans of FYGL-2 and FYGL-3. We further separated and sequenced the protein moieties of FYGL-2 and FYGL-3, namely, FYGL-2-P and FYGL-3-P, respectively, and compared their abilities to inhibit hIAPP amyloidosis, and systematically explored the inhibitory mechanisms by spectroscopy, microscopy and molecular dynamic simulation methods. Results showed that the protein moieties of FYGL played essential roles in inhibiting hIAPP amyloidosis. The strong, specific, and enthalpy-driven interaction by π-π stacking and electrostatic forces between hIAPP and FYGL-3-P dramatically inhibited hIAPP amyloidosis. These results suggested that FYGL-3-P had enormous potential to prevent hIAPP misfolding-induced diabetes and structurally helped researchers to seek or design inhibitors against polypeptide amyloidosis.
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The key technologies of Ganoderma lucidum liquid spawn preparation and scale expansion. 灵芝液体菌种制备及规模扩大的关键技术
Ganoderma lucidum possesses a variety of valuable pharmacological activities, and it has long been used to prevent and treat various human diseases. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the liquid spawn of G. lucidum, and the development of the G. lucidum industry is constrained by them. This work aimed to study the key technologies and scale-up preparation of G. lucidum liquid spawn, to achieve large-scale preparation of liquid spawn and solve the problem of unstable quality of G. lucidum. The plate culture, primary shake flask culture, shake flask preparation, and fermentor preparation of G. lucidum liquid spawn were explored in the process of liquid fermentation. The results showed that plate broth volume significantly affected mycelial growth rate. Biomass in the primary shake flask culture is significantly influenced by the picking position of plate mycelium. An artificial neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm was used for carbon and nitrogen sources concentration optimization to increase biomass and substrate utilization. The optimized parameter combination is as follows: glucose, 14.5 g L; yeast extract powder, 8.5 g L. Under this condition, the biomass (9.82 g L) and biomass on reducing sugar (0.79 g g) increased by 18.03% and 27.41% compared to the control, respectively. The metabolic activity of liquid spawn prepared by different fermentation scales was diverse, and the liquid spawn prepared by the fermentor has better activity. Conceivably, the liquid spawn process can more conducive be applied to large-scale industrial production.
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Production Ganoderma lucidum extract nanoparticles by expansion of supercritical fluid solution and evaluation of the antioxidant ability. 通过超临界流体溶液膨胀生产灵芝提取物纳米粒子，并评价其抗氧化能力
[中文摘要] 由于人类越来越倾向于用天然物质治疗，灵芝等真菌可以成为满足这一需求的良好来源。灵芝的有效性、易用性和灵芝酸等活性成分的丰富来源使其在制药和食品工业中受到重视。在这个项目中，灵芝被应用于超临界二氧化碳提取。然后，超临界流体溶液（ESS）的膨胀被用作一种新颖、可重复和绿色的方法，从灵芝提取物中提取纳米粒子。响应面法用于提高提取效率、抗氧化活性，改善纳米粒子的生产状况。在提取步骤中，通过设定压力为27.5MPa、动态时间为46分钟、改性剂体积为162μL，观察到最佳条件。制备纳米颗粒的最佳点如下：压降为25 MPa，收集时间为20分钟，温度为40°C。在这些条件下，尺寸和计数分别为86.13nm和98。通过FESM分析纳米粒子，并使用DPPH进行抗氧化活性评估。LC-MS从灵芝中鉴定出各种灵芝酸，这些灵芝酸以高氧三萜类化合物而闻名。
[英文摘要] Due to the growing human tendency to treat with natural substances, fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum can be a good source to meet this need. Effectiveness, ease of use and a rich source of active ingredients such as ganoderic acids have caused G. lucidum to be considered in the pharmaceutical and food industries. In this project, G. lucidum was applied to extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide. Then expansion of supercritical fluid solution (ESS) was used as, novel, repeatable and green method to yield nanoparticles from G.lucidum extract. The response surface method was used to improve the Extraction efficiency, antioxidant activity, and improving the nanoparticles production status. Optimal conditions were observed at the extraction step by setting pressure at 27.5 MPa, dynamic time of 46 min, and modifier volume of 162 μL. The optimum point for the production of nanoparticles was obtained as follows: pressure drop at 25 MPa, 20 min for collection time, and 40° C for temperature. Under these conditions, the size and count were 86.13 nm, and 98, respectively. Nanoparticles were analyzed by FESM and, the DPPH was used for antioxidant activity evaluation. The LC-MS identified various ganoderic acids from G.lucidum that are famous to be highly oxygenated triterpenoids.
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Five undescribed meroterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activities against renal fibrosis. 灵芝中五种未描述的杂萜类化合物及其对肾纤维化的抑制活性
Five undescribed meroterpenoids, baosglucidnes A - E (1-5), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. Among them, baosglucidne B (2) as a racemic mixture was obtained. Chiral HPLC was employed to separate a pair of enantiomers (+)-2 and (-)-2. The structures and stereochemical features of these substances were characterized by utilizing spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. Finally, the results of anti-renal fibrosis activity evaluation showed that baosglucidne E (5) could inhibit the expression of collagen I in TGF-β1-induced rat kidney proximal tubular cells at 20 μM.
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The Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Can Combat Cytokine Storm and Other COVID-19 Related Pathologies: A Review. 灵智或Reishi药用蘑菇灵芝（蘑菇属）可对抗细胞因子风暴和其他新冠肺炎相关疾病：综述
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) facilitated by cytokine storm and other risk factors that increase susceptibility and complications leading to death. Emerging as a major global public health challenge, the disease has claimed more than 6 million lives and caused catastrophic global economic disruptions. However, there are concerns about the safety as well as the efficacy of drugs and vaccines presently used to control the pandemic, therefore necessitating intense global search for safe natural products that can effectively and safely combat it. This work reviews studies on lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum and its properties that may potentially combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and the co-morbidities. Available evidence suggests that medicinal properties of the Ganoderma mushroom can combat the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the co-morbidities that can aggravate the severity of the disease. Preclinical and clinical evaluation to establish dose, efficacy, and potential toxicity and possible use in the management of COVID-19 is recommended.
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{"_":"Synergistic apoptotic effects of ethanolic extracts of ginger and in a colorectal cancer cell line.","i":["Ganoderma lucidum"]} {"_":"生姜和灵芝乙醇提取物在结直肠癌细胞系中的协同凋亡效应。","i":["灵芝"]}
Current conventional therapy for colorectal cancer includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, all of which produce side effects. Herbal medicine can control the side effects of conventional treatments. We investigated the synergistic effect of a mixture of Roscoe (Ginger) and extracts on colorectal cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. We prepared ethanolic extracts of ginger (GEE) and (GLEE). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of each extract was calculated. The effect of these extracts on apoptosis in cancer cells was assessed using flow cytometry; Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-3 gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. GEE and GLEE decreased CT-26 cell viability significantly in a dose-dependent manner; however, the combined application of GEE + GLEE was most effective. Bax:Bcl-2 gene expression ratio, caspase-3 gene expression and the number of apoptotic cells were increased significantly in CT-26 cells treated at the IC level of each compound, especially in the GEE + GLEE treatment group. Combined ginger and extracts exhibited synergistic antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on colorectal cancer cells.
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Enhanced production of ganoderic acids in static liquid culture of Ganoderma lucidum under nitrogen-limiting conditions. 限氮条件下静态液体培养中灵芝酸产量的提高
The effect of nitrogen limitation on the production of the antitumor compounds, ganoderic acids (GAs), by Ganoderma lucidum and on transcription levels of triterpene biosynthesis genes in this mushroom was investigated. At 3mM glutamine, a maximal content of GA-Mk, GA-T, GA-S, and GA-Me was 2.16, 11.76, 31.09, and 7.04 μg/mg cell dry weight, respectively, which was 2.8-, 5.8-, 8.3-, and 5.1-fold that obtained at 60mM glutamine. The transcription levels of biosynthetic genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase, lanosterol synthase, and a putative nitrogen regulator, AreA, were up-regulated by 37-, 18-, 4.5-, 3.2-, and 13-fold, respectively, in nitrogen limitation conditions, suggesting that increased GAs biosynthesis may result from higher expression of those genes. This study demonstrated a useful strategy for enhancing GAs production and provided useful information for further investigation on its biosynthesis regulation.
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{"_":"PRMT5 regulates the polysaccharide content by controlling the splicing of thaumatin-like protein in .","i":["Ganoderma lucidum"]} {"_":"PRMT5通过调控灵芝中类甜蛋白的剪接来调节多糖含量。","i":["灵芝"]}
PRMT5 contributes to secondary metabolite biosynthesis in . However, the mechanism through which PRMT5 regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites remains unclear. In the current study, silencing led to a significant decrease in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides from through the action of the alternative splicing of . A shorter isoform can directly bind to PGI and regulated polysaccharide biosynthesis. These results suggest that PRMT5 enhances PGI activity by regulating TLP binding to PGI. The results of the current study reveal a novel target gene for PRMT5-mediated alternative splicing and provide a reference for the identification of PRMT5 regulatory target genes.
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Enhancing high-efficiency breeding and microbial microdroplet cultivation techniques for Ganoderma lucidum. 加强灵芝高效育种和微生物微滴培养技术
Ganoderma lucidum is known for its bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids, which are crucial in food and medicine. However, liquid fermentation encounters challenges in terms of strain differentiation and stability. In this research, we employed atmospheric room temperature plasma mutation and a microbial microdroplet culture system to identify strains with enhanced biomass and triterpenoid production. The three mutant strains, YB05, YB09, and YB18, exhibited accelerated growth rates and antagonized the initial strain G0023 more effectively than the controls. Notably, YB18 displayed the fastest growth, with a 17.25% increase in colony radius. Shake flask cultivation demonstrated that, compared with the initial strain, YB05 and YB18 had 26.33% and 17.85% greater biomass, respectively. Moreover, the triterpenoid production of YB05 and YB18 surpassed that of the control by 32.10% and 15.72%, respectively, as confirmed by colorimetric detection. Importantly, these mutant strains remained stable for five generations. This study revealed a comprehensive screening system utilizing atmospheric pressure, room temperature plasma mutation technology and microbial droplet cultivation. This innovative approach offers a promising pathway for obtaining advantageous Ganoderma strains for liquid fermentation. The methodology of atmospheric room temperature plasma mutation and microbial microdroplet culture systems is detailed for better comprehension.
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Selected nutritional properties of Ganoderma lucidum and substrate degradation during multi-cycle reuse with hazelnut branch waste. 灵芝的选定营养特性及榛子树枝废弃物多周期再利用过程中的基质降解
In this study, the effects of reusing spent Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) (Curtis) P. Karst mushroom substrate (SMS) from cultivation-by mixing it with hazelnut branch-based substrate (HB) at different ratios (HB100%, HB75%:SMS25%, HB50%:SMS50%, HB25%:SMS75%, SMS100%)-on the yield, quality, and nutritional composition of mushrooms were investigated. Yield performance, ash contents, and mineral composition of the harvested mushrooms were evaluated. In addition, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Organic Matter (TOM), Nitrogen (N), C/N and Ash contents of the substrates used were determined. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were also conducted to assess structural and thermal changes in the substrates during successive cultivation cycles. Results indicated that the highest biological efficiency (8.32%) and total yield (37.5 g/kg substrate) were observed in the SMS100% and SMS25%:HB75% substrates, respectively. A 29.9% increase in yield was observed when comparing 100% SMS with 100% HB. Mineral contents in mushrooms produced with SMS 100% generally increased compared to HB 100%, except for Cu. A 23.03% decrease was observed in the Cu content when the substrate was changed from 100% HB to 100% SMS. The total phenolic contents of the mushrooms cultivated were found to differ significantly among the substrates. FTIR analysis confirmed structural changes in the substrates, particularly indicating partial hemicellulose degradation and relative lignin enrichment after mushroom cultivation. TGA results showed that spent Ganoderma lucidum substrates exhibited higher thermal stability than raw hazelnut branch substrate (HB), supporting their reuse potential in circular bio-based applications. This study clearly showed that spent Ganoderma lucidum substrate-based HB can be successfully reutilized in new cultivation cycles, offering an economically and environmentally sustainable approach for mushroom production systems.