猫冠状 feline coronavirus - PubMed 文献
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关于 猫冠状
猫冠状病毒（feline coronavirus, FCoV）是冠状病毒科（Coronaviridae）成员，主要感染家猫及部分野生猫科动物。该病毒分为两种生物型：猫肠道冠状病毒（feline enteric coronavirus, FECV）和猫传染性腹膜炎病毒（feline infectious peritonitis virus, FIPV）。FECV 通常引起轻微肠道症状，而 FIPV 可导致致死性的猫传染性腹膜炎（feline infectious peritonitis, FIP）。该主题属于兽医学、病毒学与比较医学的交叉领域，近义词包括猫肠道冠状病毒、猫传染性腹膜炎病毒、FCoV 等。
猫冠状病毒的研究热点集中于病毒突变与致病机制、宿主免疫应答、诊断技术及抗病毒策略。经典议题包括 FECV 向 FIPV 转化的分子基础、病毒刺突蛋白（spike protein）与受体结合特性、以及 FIP 的免疫病理学。代表性期刊有《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》、《Veterinary Microbiology》、《Viruses》等，活跃学者关注冠状病毒跨物种传播与猫群流行病学。
PubMed增强版为猫冠状病毒研究者提供多项实用功能：支持中英文摘要翻译，帮助快速理解非母语文献；显示期刊影响因子与分区，辅助评估文献权威性；提供部分文献的PDF下载链接，便于获取全文；内置AI阅读工具可提炼核心结论与实验方法，提升文献筛选效率。这些功能有助于兽医、病毒学研究者及学生高效追踪该领域进展。
猫冠状 的 PubMed 搜索结果
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Structure and receptor recognition of type-II feline infectious peritonitis virus spike glycoprotein. II型猫传染性腹膜炎病毒刺突糖蛋白的结构和受体识别
Type-II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV-II) is a lethal alphacoronavirus, whose high homology with the human coronavirus CCoV-HuPn-2018 carries the risk of potential zoonotic FIPV-II transmission to humans. FIPV-II infects felids using cat aminopeptidase N (cAPN) as its cell-entry receptor, but the molecular details remain unclear. Here, we resolved cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the spike (S) trimer of a representative FIPV-II strain 79-1146 (FIPV-1146), and of its complex with cAPN. The reconstructions reveal structural transitions of the S protein between the "standing" and "lying" receptor-binding domain (RBD) conformation upon complex formation with cAPN in its open conformation. Structural and mutational analyses revealed that the cAPN residues R378, D751 and R779, as well as the N748-linked glycan are essential for high-affinity RBD engagement. Cross-species analysis demonstrated narrow tropism of FIPV-1146, limited to felids and canids. Introducing the N595K and Q596R substitutions found in transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) into the FIPV-1146 RBD expands its binding capacity to APNs from pig, bovine, horse and giant panda. These findings provide insights into the entry mechanism and zoonotic constraints of FIPV-II, with potential relevance for antiviral strategies against coronaviruses.
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Cellular localisation of the proteins of region 3 of feline enteric coronavirus. 猫肠道冠状病毒3区蛋白的细胞定位
Feline enteric coronaviruses have three open reading frames (ORFs) in region 3 (3a, 3b, and 3c). All three ORFs were expressed with C-terminal eGFP and 3xFLAG tags in different cell lines and their localisation was determined. ORF 3a is predicted to contain DNA-binding and transcription activator domains, and it is localised in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. ORF 3b is also predicted to contain DNA-binding and activator domains, and was found to localise in the mitochondrion. Besides that, in some of the non-infected and FIPV-infected cells nucleolar, perinuclear or nuclear membrane accumulation of the eGFP-tagged 3b was observed. The exact compartmental localisation of ORF 3c is yet to be determined. However, based on our co-localisation studies 3c does not seem to be localised in the ER-Golgi network, ERGIC or peroxisomes. The expression of 3c-eGFP is clearly cell type dependent, it is more stable in MARC 145 cells than in Fcwf-4 or CrFK cells, which might reflect in vivo stability differences of 3c in natural target cells (enterocytes vs. monocytes/macrophages).
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Precise motif and cross-presentation of coronavirus peptides by feline MHC class I: implications for the mild infection of SARS-CoV-2. 猫MHC I类分子对冠状病毒肽的精确基序及交叉呈递：对SARS-CoV-2轻度感染的启示
As one of the earliest identified susceptible animals for the SARS-CoV-2, cats are also the vulnerable hosts for feline coronaviruses, ie feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Here, to understand the cross-presentation of coronavirus-derived peptides by cat major histocompatibility complex molecule feline leucocyte antigen (FLA) class I, unpredictable natural peptide motifs presented by FLA-K*00701 and FLA-E*00301 were identified through peptide elution and further confirmed by the structural determination of the 2 FLA class I molecules. Based on these precise motifs of FLA class I peptides, the atlas of cross-presenting peptides from different coronaviruses in cats were sketched with 3 hotspots in C-terminal half of ORF1ab protein. The possibility of cross-presentation is further supported by the similar conformation of the corresponding peptides KP-CoV-9 (RSFIEDLLF) and KM-FECV-9 (RSAVEDLLF) from the 2 coronaviruses presented by FLA-K*00701. Our findings provide insights into the understanding of the cross-presentation of peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and feline coronaviruses FECV and the development of universal vaccine for coronaviruses.
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Orchitis in a cat associated with coronavirus infection. 一例猫冠状病毒感染相关的睾丸炎
A case of severe, pyogranulomatous and necrotizing orchitis in a cat, which later succumbed to systemic feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), is described. The 3.5-year-old cat, positive for feline immunodeficiency virus infection, presented with a left testicular enlargement. A few months after castration the animal was humanely destroyed due to declining health. Post-mortem examination revealed inflammatory lesions in abdominal organs and in the brain compatible with FIP. Infection was confirmed with a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test and by immunohistochemical demonstration of coronavirus antigen in the affected tissues, including the left testicle. FIP is usually a systemic disease. However, lesions and presenting clinical signs in a single organ system such as the brain are not uncommon. The results of this case study indicate that orchitis, although rare, should be on the list of lesions of FIP.
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The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus. 同时检测猫泛白细胞减少症病毒、猫疱疹病毒1型、猫杯状病毒和猫传染性腹膜炎病毒的四链体TaqMan-MGB荧光定量PCR方法
Feline panleukopenia, feline calicivirus infection, feline viral rhinotracheitis, and feline infectious peritonitis are significant diseases that threaten feline health. The trend of mixed infections is increasing, and current diagnostic methods are limited in scope and unable to provide rapid, simultaneous detection of these diseases. Four groups of primers and probes targeting the gene of Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV), the gene of Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1), the gene of Feline Calicivirus (FCV), and the gene of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) were designed. After optimizing the concentrations of primers and probes and annealing temperature, a quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method was established to concurrently detect these four pathogens. Recombinant plasmid standards were constructed to establish standard curves, and the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and clinical application of the assay were evaluated. The optimal final concentrations of primers for FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV were 0.08, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.12 μM, respectively, and the optimal final concentrations of probes were 0.08, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.12 μM, respectively. The best annealing temperature was 59°C. No cross-reaction was observed with common pathogens in infected cats. The minimal detection limits for recombinant plasmids of T-VP2, T-TK, T-ORF2, and T-N were 50.79, 53.21, 47.91 and 41.25 copies/μL, respectively. The R² values of standard curves are 0.994, 1.0, 0.998 and 0.999, respectively, and high amplification efficiencies of 105.05%, 96.28%, 98.82%, and 96.45%, respectively. The coefficient of variation for inter-batch and intra-batch tests ranged from 0.14 to 1.37%. Among 381 fecal samples from cats, the detection rates for FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV were 13.65% (52/381), 18.37% (70/381), 26.77% (102/381), and 9.71% (37/381), respectively, with a 100% agreement with previously reported methods and commercial kits. The sensitive, specific, high-throughput, quadruplex TaqMan MGB quantitative fluorescent quantitative PCR method was successfully established for the simultaneous detection of FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV.
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Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii expressing FIPV spike protein S1 subunit: A proof-of-concept approach against toxoplasmosis and feline infectious peritonitis. 表达FIPV刺突蛋白S1亚基的重组刚地弓形虫：针对弓形虫病和猫传染性腹膜炎的概念验证方法
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a lethal feline pathogen with no widely effective prophylactic vaccine available. To address this unmet need, we explored the feasibility of using Toxoplasma gondii (whose definitive host is felids) as a live delivery platform to develop a bivalent vector vaccine. We generated a transgenic T. gondii strain engineered to express and secrete the FIPV spike protein S1 subunit into the parasitophorous vacuole. Immunization in mice confirmed the immunogenicity of this recombinant parasite, which induced specific antibody responses targeting both the T. gondii vector and the FIPV S1 antigen. In vitro neutralization assays revealed limited FIPV-neutralizing capacity in immune sera, with only low-level inhibitory activity observed at the lowest serum dilution, which was markedly inferior to the neutralization potency induced by recombinant S1 protein vaccination. Collectively, these data preliminarily verify the potential of T. gondii as a multivalent antigen delivery vector. This work provides a proof-of-concept framework for a dual-target vaccination strategy intended to mitigate the epidemiological burden of both FIPV and T. gondii in cats, and underpins integrated One Health-oriented disease prevention and control efforts.
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Feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses. 猫传染性腹膜炎病毒由地方性猫肠道冠状病毒突变而来
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strains from six cats and three different geographic areas were compared genetically with feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) isolates obtained from cats inhabiting the same environments. Sequence comparisons were made from 1.2- to 8.9-kb segments on the 3' end of the genome. FECV/FIPV pairs from the same catteries or shelters were 97.3-99.5% related but were genetically distinct from FIPV and FECV strains obtained from cats living in geographically distinct environments. The high genetic similarity between FECVs and FIPVs from the same environment strongly suggested a common ancestry. Based on the presence of deletion mutations in the FIPVs and not in the FECVs, it was concluded that FIPVs evolved as mutants of FECVs. The mutations are deletions in the FIPVs and not insertions in the FECVs since similar sequences are present in other strains that have segregated earlier from a common ancestor. Therefore, the order of descent is form FECV to FIPV. Mutations unique to FIPVs were found in open reading frames (ORFs) 3c in 4 of 6 isolates and/or 7b in 3 of 6 isolates. When the study was extended to include 7 additional FIPV isolates, 11/13 of the FIPVs sequenced were found to have mutated 3c ORFs.
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Virucidal Efficacy of Blue LED and Far-UVC Light Disinfection against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus as a Model for SARS-CoV-2. 蓝光LED和远紫外线消毒对猫传染性腹膜炎病毒作为SARS-CoV-2模型的杀病毒效果
Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs through respiratory droplets passed directly from person to person or indirectly through fomites, such as common use surfaces or objects. The aim of this study was to determine the virucidal efficacy of blue LED (405 nm) and far-UVC (222 nm) light in comparison to standard UVC (254 nm) irradiation for the inactivation of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) on different matrices as a model for SARS-CoV-2. Wet or dried FIPV on stainless steel, plastic, or paper discs, in the presence or absence of artificial saliva, were exposed to various wavelengths of light for different time periods (1-90 min). Dual activity of blue LED and far-UVC lights were virucidal for most wet and dried FIPV within 4 to 16 min on all matrices. Individual action of blue LED and far-UVC lights were virucidal for wet FIPV but required longer irradiation times (8-90 min) to reach a 4-log reduction. In comparison, LED (265 nm) and germicidal UVC (254 nm) were virucidal on almost all matrices for both wet and dried FIPV within 1 min exposure. UVC was more effective for the disinfection of surfaces as compared to blue LED and far-UVC individually or together. However, dual action of blue LED and far-UVC was virucidal. This combination of lights could be used as a safer alternative to traditional UVC.
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Enhancement and neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline macrophages by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes. 识别不同表位的中和单克隆抗体对猫巨噬细胞中猫传染性腹膜炎病毒感染的增强和中和作用
The interaction between the enhancing and neutralizing activities of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (5-6-2, 6-4-2 and 7-4-1) to the spike protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146 was determined using feline macrophages. At a high MAb concentration, all of the three MAbs completely inhibited the FIPV infection at 37 C. However, two of them (6-4-2 and 7-4-1) enhanced FIPV infection when either the MAb concentration or reaction temperature was lowered. These MAbs also exerted an immediate infectivity-enhancing activity for up to 10 min of reaction and by 20 min, neutralizing activities were observed. Only MAb 5-6-2 consistently showed neutralizing activity regardless of the reaction conditions. Competition with sera from cats experimentally infected with FIPV strain 79-1146 or feline enteric coronavirus strain 79-1683 showed that the two epitopes recognized by MAb 5-6-2 and MAb 6-4-2, respectively, are also recognized by the natural host.
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Molecular survey of selected viral pathogens in wild leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Taiwan with an emphasis on the spatial and temporal dynamics of carnivore protoparvovirus 1. 台湾野生豹猫（Prionailurus bengalensis）中选定病毒病原体的分子调查，重点探讨食肉动物原细小病毒1型的时空动态
The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was listed as an endangered species under the Wildlife Conservation Act in Taiwan in 2009. However, no study has evaluated the possible direct or indirect effects of pathogens on the Taiwanese leopard cat population. Here, we targeted viral pathogens, including carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (genus Protoparvovirus), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), coronaviruses (CoVs), and canine distemper virus (CDV), through molecular screening. The spatial and temporal dynamics of the target pathogens were evaluated. Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, we clarified the phylogenetic relationship of viral pathogens isolated from leopard cats and domestic carnivores. Samples from 23 live-trapped leopard cats and 29 that were found dead were collected from 2015 to 2019 in Miaoli County in northwestern Taiwan. Protoparvoviruses and CoVs were detected in leopard cats, and their prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 63.5% (50.4%-76.6%) and 8.8% (0%-18.4%), respectively. Most of the protoparvovirus sequences amplified from Taiwanese leopard cats and domestic carnivores were identical. All of the CoV sequences amplified from leopard cats were identified as feline CoV. No spatial or temporal aggregation of protoparvovirus infection in leopard cats was found in the sampling area, indicating a wide distribution of protoparvoviruses in the leopard cat habitat. We consider sympatric domestic carnivores to be the probable primary reservoir for the identified pathogens. We strongly recommend management of protoparvoviruses and feline CoV in the leopard cat habitat, particularly vaccination programs and population control measures for free-roaming dogs and cats.