Viruses-Basel病毒（巴塞尔）
Viruses-Basel(英文缩写 VIRUSES-BASEL),ISSN 1999-4915,eISSN 1999-4915,中文译名:病毒（巴塞尔） 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-11-01 至 2026-10-31，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
Viruses-Basel 最新收录文献
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1. Epstein-Barr Virus: More than Just an Infection.
1. EB病毒：不仅仅是一种感染PMID:日期:2026-09-21While typically associated with benign infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is now recognized as a pivotal driver of complex immunopathological disorders. By shuttling between lytic replication and strategic latency programs, EBV reprograms B-cell biology to evade immune surveillance and disrupt homeostasis. Central to this pathogenesis is the viral protein EBNA1, which triggers autoimmunity through molecular mimicry with host antigens, including GlialCAM in multiple sclerosis (MS), keratin in rheumatoid arthritis, and nuclear proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus. These autoimmune responses are further exacerbated by bystander activation and epitope spreading, fueling chronic inflammation in Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes, and IgA nephropathy. EBV can also promote the development of lymphoproliferative disorders, whether in immunocompetent hosts or in the context of immunosuppression; however, the emergence of EBV-positive forms within diseases that are usually EBV-negative is closely linked to an underlying state of immunosuppression. Distinct from these chronic states, EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) represents a critical hyperinflammatory emergency in which defective cytotoxicity leads to an uncontrolled T-cell- or NK-cell-driven cytokine storm; together with chronic active EBV disease (CAEBV), HLH disproportionately affects children, and both receive particular attention in this review. More recently, emerging but not yet consolidated evidence has also suggested a possible association between EBV reactivation and long COVID. Elucidating these diverse molecular interactions is essential for developing the next generation of targeted therapies and vaccine strategies aimed at mitigating the systemic impact of this virus.
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2. Diagnostic Methods Used in Detecting Poliomyelitis in Paleopathological Research-A Narrative Review.
2. 古病理学研究中用于检测脊髓灰质炎的诊断方法——一篇叙述性综述PMID:日期:2026-09-21This review aims to describe the macroscopic methods used to detect poliomyelitis in human skeletal remains and to highlight the limitations of current diagnostic frameworks. The reviewed materials consist of published paleopathological literature and case studies analyzing human skeletal remains for evidence of the disease. We evaluated existing studies that focus on the macroscopic analysis of secondary skeletal alterations caused by paralysis, such as unilateral limb atrophy, bone shortening, pronounced asymmetry, and compensatory hypertrophy. Current diagnostic frameworks rely almost exclusively on macroscopic markers; notably, none of the reviewed studies utilized molecular or genetic techniques. Consequently, definitively confirmed cases of ancient poliomyelitis remain exceptionally rare. The paleopathological diagnosis of poliomyelitis currently suffers from a substantial methodological gap due to an overreliance on morphological assessments. Transcending these traditional techniques is essential to definitively confirm ancient cases. Analyzing skeletal evidence provides crucial insights into how this debilitating viral infection afflicted human populations in antiquity. It also underscores the importance of rigorous differential diagnosis to distinguish poliomyelitis from other paralytic etiologies, such as cerebral palsy.
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3. M184V: The Major Determinant of Cooperative ISL Resistance When in Combination with Multiple TAM2 Mutations in HIV-1 Subtype C.
3. M184V：HIV-1 C亚型中与多个TAM2突变联合时协同ISL耐药的主要决定因素PMID:日期:2026-09-20Islatravir is a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed PLWH. While we previously documented high-level phenotypic resistance to islatravir (ISL) in HIV-1 subtype C variants harboring combinations of type 2 thymidine analogue mutations (TAM2) along with the M184V resistance-associated mutation, the primary contributor to the observed phenotype remains unclear. This report dissects the relative contribution of M184V to ISL resistance in the context of TAM2-containing variants through systematic reversion analysis. We show that reverting mutant 184V to wildtype M184 resulted in substantial sensitization to ISL, with fold-change reductions ranging from 8.1 to 13.4-fold across three TAM2 genetic backgrounds. Contrary to the well-documented antagonism between M184V and TAMs in zidovudine resistance, these two resistance pathways exhibit cooperative rather than antagonistic interactions in the context of ISL resistance. These findings provide critical evidence for refinement of genotypic resistance interpretation algorithms for ISL and have direct implications for the future clinical management of ISL-based antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV. Importantly, elucidating the mechanistic basis of M184V-TAM2 cooperation would establish a more predictive framework for understanding how complex resistance mutation patterns impact ISL susceptibility and guide treatment decisions in virologically experienced individuals. Considering the diminished use of TAM2-seletive antiretroviral drugs in contemporary ART regimens, islatravir is likely to be an effective treatment option.
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4. {"_":"Comparative Genomics of the Mobilome: Prophage Diversity and Anti-Phage Defense Systems in Phage Satellites.","i":["Enterobacter cloacae"]}
PMID:日期:2026-09-20() is an important healthcare-associated pathogen with increasing antimicrobial resistance. Prophages and phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs) are integral components of the genome, yet their contribution to resistance, virulence, and anti-phage defense remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we analyzed 35 complete genomes, identifying 139 intact prophages (10.8-85.7 kb) with an average GC content (~52%) close to that of the host (54-55%). Most prophages (86.6%) were assigned to the families and within the class , and proteome-based clustering showed strong relatedness to phages infecting . The genomes harbored multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, notably (97%), / (89%) and (77%). However, on genomic-context verification none were genuinely prophage-encoded; they were instead located on the chromosome or plasmids. Virulence profiling revealed universal presence of and high prevalence of (94%), while the only confirmed prophage-encoded virulence determinants were the Shiga toxin genes and . Additionally, 16 phage satellites were identified, containing conserved integration, replication, and packaging modules together with diverse accessory and anti-phage defense systems. Overall, prophages and phage satellites drive genome diversification in , with satellites notably serving as reservoirs of anti-phage defense, whereas resistance and virulence genes are located outside prophage and satellite regions.
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5. Co-Infection of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 in a Single Sow: Complete Genome Characterization Reveals a Novel CH-1a-Backbone Recombinant with an NADC30-Derived Nsp2 in China.
PMID:日期:2026-09-20Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has the characteristics of a fast evolution rate and high genetic heterogeneity. PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 are co-circulating, and the threat they pose to the health of pigs worldwide continues to rise. In this study, two PRRSV strains with significantly different genetic backgrounds, namely SHEU-2022 (PRRSV-1, full length 15,050 nt) and SHCH-2023 (PRRSV-2, full length 15,019 nt), were simultaneously isolated from a single serum sample of a co-infected sow in Shanghai, China, and their whole-genome characteristics were analyzed. SHEU-2022 clustered with indigenous PRRSV-1 isolates in China, harbored a unique 15-nt deletion in the ORF3-ORF4 overlapping region, carried an additional N-glycosylation site on GP5, and replicated only in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) under the conditions used. SHCH-2023 is a novel recombinant strain with a CH-1a-like (lineage 8) genome backbone and two NADC30-derived fragments-one in Nsp2 (sublineage 1.8) carrying the characteristic 131-amino acid deletion and one in the GP2/E region; it replicated in both PAMs and Marc-145 cells, though this may partly reflect the enrichment procedure. No PRRSV-1/PRRSV-2 recombination was detected between the two co-infected strains.
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6. High Frequency of HHV-7 Reactivation in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Long COVID: A Retrospective Observational Study.
PMID:日期:2026-09-20The neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of long COVID remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of latent herpesviruses has been proposed as a contributing mechanism, but human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) has received limited attention despite its neurotropic potential. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HHV-7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results in 30 patients (18 women and 12 men; age range, 21-55 years) with a neurological/neuropsychiatric long COVID phenotype tested within 24 months of SARS-CoV-2 infection at R.E.D. Laboratories SA, Belgium. HHV-7 positivity was compared with a historical pre-COVID-19 laboratory reference cohort comprising 320 diagnostic tests performed from 2012 to 2019. HHV-7 positivity was 29.1% (93/320; 95% CI, 24.4-34.3%) in the historical reference cohort and 76.7% (23/30; 95% CI, 59.1-88.2%) in the neurological/neuropsychiatric long COVID cohort. The between-cohort difference was significant using a two-sided Fisher's exact test ( < 0.000001). All six patients tested within the first 12 months were HHV-7-positive. HHV-7-positive patients frequently reported neuropsychiatric symptoms, and in one longitudinal index case, viral load tracked self-reported symptom severity. In this patient-initiated retrospective study, HHV-7 positivity was substantially more frequent in the long COVID cohort than in the historical reference cohort. These findings are hypothesis-generating and support prospective investigation of HHV-7 in neurological and neuropsychiatric long COVID.
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7. IRF7 Protects Against Severe Influenza A Infection Independently of TLR7 Recognition in Mice.
PMID:日期:2026-09-20Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the precise role of the RNA sensor Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and its downstream signaling mediator, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), during IAV infection remains elusive. To address this gap, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) alongside -deficient and -deficient mouse models infected with the mouse-adapted IAV strain PR8. Pulmonary scRNA-seq of PR8-infected wild-type mice revealed robust upregulation of and interferon (IFN) pathway-associated genes specifically in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells, whereas induction occurred globally across all major lung compartments. Following PR8 infection, -deficient but not -deficient mice exhibited significantly greater daily weight loss, increased mortality, and more severe bronchial epithelial hyperplasia compared to wild-type controls. Furthermore, infected -deficient mice displayed diminished early IFN-α and IFN-γ levels. Interestingly, both - and -deficient strains demonstrated impaired anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibody production. Notably, Tlr7 deficiency did not alter Irf7 protein expression or the production of IFNs and NF-κB in response to IAV, indicating that Tlr7 does not modulate Irf7 activation during infection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Irf7 protects against severe IAV pathogenesis independently of Tlr7 recognition in mice, whereas both Irf7 and Tlr7 are required for optimal anti-HA antibody production. : Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen that remains a major threat to global health as a seasonal disease and a source of periodic pandemics. The outcomes of the infection can range from mild illness to severe pneumonia and death, particularly in vulnerable populations, yet the reasons why some individuals develop more severe disease are not fully understood. Early immune defenses in the lungs are critical for controlling the virus, but they can also contribute to harmful inflammation if not properly regulated. Key sensors that detect viral genetic material, such as TLR7, and the signaling pathways that activate antiviral responses, such as IRF7, play an essential role in shaping these outcomes. However, whether TLR7 is essential or redundant in IAV remains debated, and the independent role of IRF7 in IAV has not been directly demonstrated in mouse models. The significance of our study lies in defining how these early immune mechanisms influence the course of influenza A infection, providing insight that may guide the development of improved therapies for influenza and related respiratory viruses.
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8. Viral Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Viral Codetection Patterns in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.
PMID:日期:2026-09-19Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric respiratory infections, yet the frequency and composition of viral codetections in affected children have not been extensively profiled using unbiased sequencing approaches. Here, we performed viral metagenomic sequencing on nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 42 pediatric patients with confirmed RSV infection to characterize the codetection landscape. RSV was detected and genotyped in all specimens. Beyond RSV, we identified nine additional human respiratory viruses coexisting across the cohort; several of these fall outside the scope of routine diagnostic panels, although their clinical significance remains uncertain. Codetections were the rule rather than the exception: 30 of 42 samples harbored at least three viruses, with up to seven distinct viruses detected in a single case. These findings underscore the taxonomic breadth and polymicrobial complexity of respiratory infections in children. Our results describe the viral codetection landscape in RSV-infected children, revealing a broader spectrum of co-occurring viruses than typically captured by targeted diagnostics, although the clinical significance of most codetections remains uncertain. These findings highlight the polymicrobial complexity of RSV infections and underscore the need for prospective studies to determine which codetections are clinically meaningful.
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9. Long-Term Humoral Immune Dynamics in Healthcare Workers with Hybrid and Vaccine-Induced Immunity: The VaCoMRI Study.
9. 具有混合免疫和疫苗诱导免疫的医护人员长期体液免疫动态：VaCoMRI研究PMID:日期:2026-09-19The VaCoMRI study tracked a cohort of healthcare workers from 2020 through June 2024 to characterize the long-term sustainability of hybrid and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity. An initial anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG screening of 4554 health-care workers in early 2020 identified participants who had been infected during the first wave. Anti-N-positive and anti-N-negative individuals then received BNT162b2 through the institutional vaccination program, yielding groups with hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity. Both groups were monitored regularly for nearly four years for breakthrough infections (BTI). Serum collected regularly after vaccination and after BTI was analyzed for anti-N, quantitative anti-spike (anti-S) IgG, and surrogate viral neutralizing antibody (sVNT) titers. Over a median follow-up of 1180 days, 142 healthcare workers contributed longitudinal samples; 66.2% experienced one BTI and 14.1% a second. In initially seronegative individuals, anti-N titers decreased 2.3-fold between 3 and 6 months after the first BTI, with seropositivity dropping from 82% to 40.4% (median time to seronegativity: 179 days). Prior anti-N seropositivity was associated with 4.5-fold higher anti-N IgG levels after BTI, with elevated levels persisting through 9 months. In both groups, the third vaccine dose significantly enhanced anti-S antibody persistence after 9 months compared to the second dose. In infection-naïve individuals, anti-S IgG titers remained 4.2-fold and sVNT titers 7.2-fold higher. Hybrid immunity was similarly durable: two vaccine doses after prior anti-N seropositivity yielded anti-S IgG and sVNT levels comparable to three-dose vaccination. This study demonstrates a rapid waning of anti-N IgG that severely limits its reliability for retrospective serosurveillance of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in occupational settings. The combination of vaccination and infection induced robust and durable spike-directed antibody responses. However, these were determined using assays based on the ancestral spike protein. This may limit the prediction of protection from SARS-CoV-2 variants, which usually cause BTIs.
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10. Mitigation of the Risk of Importing Akabane and Exotic Bluetongue Virus in Ruminant-Sourced Sera.
PMID:日期:2026-09-19Akabane virus is an arbovirus of the family that is endemic in certain tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. Since Australian-sourced fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a preferred reagent for use in regulated cell culture applications (including but not limited to manufacturing processes for human and veterinary biologics), the importation of FBS from Australia represents a risk to United States livestock in the form of possible introduction of Akabane virus. This risk is currently mitigated, per United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) mandate, through importation testing and/or barrier treatment of the incoming serum by gamma irradiation at ≥30 kGy. Gamma irradiation, while effective for inactivating any infectious Akabane virus that might be present in the serum pools or finished serum product, is not a practical solution for all types of imported serum products. The testing that is currently required by the USDA for Akabane virus and exotic bluetongue viruses involves the use of virus-naïve sheep, is not characterized (validated) for limit of detection, and is not high-throughput, resulting in delays in satisfying import requirements for importation of serum. This opinion paper discusses these topics in detail and proposes alternative testing methodologies that should overcome the various limitations of the current testing protocol. Following development and validation of the proposed methods for limit of detection at the ultimate USDA testing site, decisions regarding the suitability of these methods to replace the current sheep antibody production assay may be made by the USDA.