女性生殖道微生物群、炎症和妇科疾病：机制、治疗进展和未来前景
The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future perspectives.
摘要(中文译文)
女性生殖道（FRT），尤其是阴道，传统上被视为无菌环境。然而，现已认识到阴道是一个复杂、动态的生态系统，以乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）物种为主导，通过产酸、竞争性排斥和免疫调节维持内部稳态。微生物失调（dysbiosis）以乳杆菌属优势丧失、微生物多样性增加和致病菌过度生长为特征，通过破坏物理屏障、激活模式识别受体（PRRs）和分泌促炎代谢物引发慢性低度炎症。这与多种妇科疾病相关，包括细菌性阴道病（BV）、盆腔炎性疾病（PID）、持续性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染及宫颈癌、子宫内膜异位症、不孕症及辅助生殖技术的不良结局，以及早产等不良妊娠结局。女性生殖道微生物群在整个生命历程中受月经周期、激素、行为、抗生素、应激和遗传因素的影响。通过阐明该轴线的机制，有助于开发基于微生物群的诊断生物标志物和治疗干预措施以促进女性生殖健康，同时也有助于阐明这些疾病的病理生理学。
Abstract
The female reproductive tract (FRT), particularly the vagina, has traditionally been regarded as a sterile environment. However, it is now recognized that the vagina is a complex, dynamic ecosystem dominated by species, which maintain internal homeostasis through acid production, competitive exclusion, and immune regulation. Microbial dysbiosis, characterized by a loss of dominance, increased microbial diversity and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, triggers chronic low-grade inflammation by disrupting physical barriers, activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and secreting pro-inflammatory metabolites. This links to various gynecological conditions, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, endometriosis, infertility, and poor outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. The microbiota of the FRT is shaped by the menstrual cycle, hormones, behavior, antibiotics, stress, and genetic factors throughout the life course. The development of microbiota-based diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to promote female reproductive health is supported by elucidating the mechanisms of this axis, which also helps clarify the pathophysiology of these diseases.
如何引用
AMA
Xingchen Liu, Jingjing Xu, Zixuan Fan, Jun Cai, Dandan Zuo, Fang Wang. The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future perspectives.. Frontiers in microbiology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1863564.
APA
Xingchen Liu, Jingjing Xu, Zixuan Fan, Jun Cai, Dandan Zuo, Fang Wang (2026). The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future perspectives.. Frontiers in microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1863564
GB/T 7714
Xingchen Liu, Jingjing Xu, Zixuan Fan, Jun Cai, Dandan Zuo, Fang Wang. The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future perspectives.[J]. Frontiers in microbiology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1863564.
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