合成生物学 synthetic biology - PubMed 文献
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关于 合成生物学
合成生物学（synthetic biology）是一门融合生物学、工程学、化学与信息科学的交叉学科，其核心思想是将生物系统视为可设计、可改造的工程对象，通过标准化生物元件（BioBricks）、基因线路（genetic circuits）和底盘细胞（chassis cells）的理性设计，实现对生命过程的重新编程与功能再造。该领域既涉及基础研究层面的最小基因组（minimal genome）与原型细胞（protocell）探索，也涵盖应用层面的代谢工程（metabolic engineering）、合成疫苗与生物传感器开发。中文常与“工程生物学”“构建生物学”等表述互见，英文近义词包括 synthetic biology、engineering biology、constructive biology 等。
合成生物学的研究热点涵盖基因回路设计与调控、 CRISPR 介导的基因组编辑、非天然氨基酸引入、无细胞合成系统（cell-free systems）、微生物细胞工厂生产高值化合物、合成微生物群落（synthetic consortia）以及生物安全与伦理治理框架。经典议题包括底盘细胞最小化、代谢通量优化、遗传稳定性与进化鲁棒性。代表性期刊包括 Nature Biotechnology、Nature Chemical Biology、ACS Synthetic Biology、Metabolic Engineering 等；国际学者如 Jay Keasling、George Church、Tom Knight 等在领域内具有广泛影响力。
PubMed增强版为合成生物学研究者提供多维支持：可对英文摘要进行即时中文翻译，降低非英语母语研究者的阅读门槛；展示期刊影响因子与分区信息，辅助投稿选刊；集成开放获取 PDF 下载链接，方便获取全文；内置 AI 阅读功能可快速提取文献中的关键实验设计、元件参数与结论，帮助读者在大量交叉学科文献中高效定位核心信息。
合成生物学 的 PubMed 搜索结果
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Enabling technology and core theory of synthetic biology. 合成生物学的使能技术和核心理论
Synthetic biology provides a new paradigm for life science research ("build to learn") and opens the future journey of biotechnology ("build to use"). Here, we discuss advances of various principles and technologies in the mainstream of the enabling technology of synthetic biology, including synthesis and assembly of a genome, DNA storage, gene editing, molecular evolution and de novo design of function proteins, cell and gene circuit engineering, cell-free synthetic biology, artificial intelligence (AI)-aided synthetic biology, as well as biofoundries. We also introduce the concept of quantitative synthetic biology, which is guiding synthetic biology towards increased accuracy and predictability or the real rational design. We conclude that synthetic biology will establish its disciplinary system with the iterative development of enabling technologies and the maturity of the core theory.
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Engineering living therapeutics with synthetic biology. 用合成生物学设计生命疗法
The steadfast advance of the synthetic biology field has enabled scientists to use genetically engineered cells, instead of small molecules or biologics, as the basis for the development of novel therapeutics. Cells endowed with synthetic gene circuits can control the localization, timing and dosage of therapeutic activities in response to specific disease biomarkers and thus represent a powerful new weapon in the fight against disease. Here, we conceptualize how synthetic biology approaches can be applied to programme living cells with therapeutic functions and discuss the advantages that they offer over conventional therapies in terms of flexibility, specificity and predictability, as well as challenges for their development. We present notable advances in the creation of engineered cells that harbour synthetic gene circuits capable of biological sensing and computation of signals derived from intracellular or extracellular biomarkers. We categorize and describe these developments based on the cell scaffold (human or microbial) and the site at which the engineered cell exerts its therapeutic function within its human host. The design of cell-based therapeutics with synthetic biology is a rapidly growing strategy in medicine that holds great promise for the development of effective treatments for a wide variety of human diseases.
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Biocomputing and Synthetic Biology in Cells: Cells Special Issue. 细胞中的生物计算与合成生物学：细胞特刊
Biocomputing and synthetic biology have been two of the most exciting emerging fields in recent years [...].
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A brief history of synthetic biology. 合成生物学简史。
The ability to rationally engineer microorganisms has been a long-envisioned goal dating back more than a half-century. With the genomics revolution and rise of systems biology in the 1990s came the development of a rigorous engineering discipline to create, control and programme cellular behaviour. The resulting field, known as synthetic biology, has undergone dramatic growth throughout the past decade and is poised to transform biotechnology and medicine. This Timeline article charts the technological and cultural lifetime of synthetic biology, with an emphasis on key breakthroughs and future challenges.
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Synthetic biology in biofilms: Tools, challenges, and opportunities. 生物膜中的合成生物学：工具、挑战和机遇
The field of synthetic biology seeks to program living cells to perform novel functions with applications ranging from environmental biosensing to smart cell-based therapeutics. Bacteria are an especially attractive chassis organism due to their rapid growth, ease of genetic manipulation, and ability to persist across many environmental niches. Despite significant progress in bacterial synthetic biology, programming bacteria to perform novel functions outside the well-controlled laboratory context remains challenging. In contrast to planktonic laboratory growth, bacteria in nature predominately reside in the context of densely packed communities known as biofilms. While biofilms have historically been considered environmental and biomedical hazards, their physiology and emergent behaviors could be leveraged for synthetic biology to engineer more capable and robust bacteria. Specifically, bacteria within biofilms participate in complex emergent behaviors such as collective organization, cell-to-cell signaling, and division of labor. Understanding and utilizing these properties can enable the effective deployment of engineered bacteria into natural target environments. Toward this goal, this review summarizes the current state of synthetic biology in biofilms by highlighting new molecular tools and remaining biological challenges. Looking to future opportunities, advancing synthetic biology in biofilms will enable the next generation of smart cell-based technologies for use in medicine, biomanufacturing, and environmental remediation.
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Genome modularity and synthetic biology: Engineering systems. 基因组模块化与合成生物学：工程系统
Whole genome sequencing projects running in various laboratories around the world has generated immense data. A systematic phylogenetic analysis of this data shows that genome complexity goes on decreasing as it evolves, due to its modular nature. This modularity can be harnessed to minimize the genome further to reduce it with the bare minimum essential genes. A reduced modular genome, can fuel progress in the area of synthetic biology by providing a ready to use plug and play chassis. Advances in gene editing technology such as the use of tailor made synthetic transcription factors will further enhance the availability of synthetic devices to be applied in the fields of environment, agriculture and health.
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Recent Technologies for Genetic Code Expansion and their Implications on Synthetic Biology Applications. 遗传密码扩展的最新技术及其对合成生物学应用的影响
Genetic code expansion (GCE) enables the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids as novel building blocks for the investigation and manipulation of proteins. The advancement of genetic code expansion has been benefited from the development of synthetic biology, while genetic code expansion also helps to create more synthetic biology tools. In this review, we summarize recent advances in genetic code expansion brought by synthetic biology progresses, including engineering of the translation machinery, genome-wide codon reassignment, and the biosynthesis of non-canonical amino acids. We highlight the emerging application of this technology in construction of new synthetic biology parts, circuits, chassis, and products.
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Two sides of the same coin? The (techno)epistemic cultures of systems and synthetic biology. 同一枚硬币的两面？系统生物学与合成生物学的（技术）认知文化
Systems and synthetic biology both emerged around the turn of this century as labels for new research approaches. Although their disciplinary status as well as their relation to each other is rarely discussed in depth, now and again the idea is invoked that both approaches represent 'two sides of the same coin'. The following paper focuses on this general notion and compares it with empirical findings concerning the epistemic cultures prevalent in the two contexts. Drawing on interviews with researchers from both fields, on participatory observation in conferences and courses and on documentary analysis, this paper delineates differences and similarities, incompatibilities and blurred boundaries. By reconstructing systems and synthetic biology's epistemic cultures, this paper argues that they represent two 'communities of vision', encompassing heterogeneous practices. Understanding the relation of the respective visions of understanding nature and engineering life is seen as indispensible for the characterisation of (techno)science in more general terms. Depending on the conceptualisation of understanding and construction (or: science and engineering), related practices such as in silico modelling for enhancing understanding or enabling engineering can either be seen as incommensurable or 'two sides of one coin'.
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Disease, dysfunction, and synthetic biology. 疾病、功能障碍与合成生物学
Theorists analyzing the concept of disease on the basis of the notion of dysfunction consider disease to be dysfunction requiring. More specifically, dysfunction-requiring theories of disease claim that for an individual to be diseased certain biological facts about it must be the case. Disease is not wholly a matter of evaluative attitudes. In this paper, I consider the dysfunction-requiring component of Wakefield's hybrid account of disease in light of the artifactual organisms envisioned by current research in synthetic biology. In particular, I argue that the possibility of artifactual organisms and the case of oncomice and other bred or genetically modified strains of organism constitute a significant objection to Wakefield's etiological account of the dysfunction requirement. I then develop a new alternative understanding of the dysfunction requirement that builds on the organizational theory of function. I conclude that my suggestion is superior to Wakefield's theory because it (a) can accommodate both artifactual and naturally evolved organisms, (b) avoids the possibility of there being a conflict between what an organismic part is supposed to do and the health of the organism, and (c) provides a nonarbitrary and practical way of determining whether dysfunction occurs.
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Synthetic biology approaches for improving the specificity and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. 用于提高癌症免疫疗法的特异性和有效性的合成生物学方法
Immunotherapy has shown robust efficacy in treating a broad spectrum of hematological and solid cancers. Despite the transformative impact of immunotherapy on cancer treatment, several outstanding challenges remain. These challenges include on-target off-tumor toxicity, systemic toxicity, and the complexity of achieving potent and sustainable therapeutic efficacy. Synthetic biology has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these obstacles, offering innovative tools for engineering living cells with customized functions. This review provides an overview of the current landscape and future prospects of cancer immunotherapy, particularly emphasizing the role of synthetic biology in augmenting its specificity, controllability, and efficacy. We delineate and discuss two principal synthetic biology strategies: those targeting tumor surface antigens with engineered immune cells and those detecting intratumoral disease signatures with engineered gene circuits. This review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the enduring challenges in cancer immunotherapy and the potential breakthroughs that synthetic biology may contribute to the field.