卡那霉素 kanamycin - PubMed 文献(第 3 页)
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卡那霉素 的 PubMed 搜索结果(第 3 页)
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Cross-resistance in M. tuberculosis to kanamycin, capreomycin and viomycin. 结核分枝杆菌对卡那霉素、卷曲霉素和紫霉素的交叉耐药性
Drug resistant mutants to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin, capreomycin, and rifampicin were isolated from four strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mutants isolated from each parent were then tested for evidence of development of cross-resistance to other drugs. There was no cross-resistance between either streptomycin or rifampicin and any of the other drugs. Complete cross-resistance between viomycin and capreomycin was found. Cross-resistance between kanamycin and capreomycin, and kanamycin and viomycin was variable. A review of the medical histories of 27 patients with kanamycin-resistant tubercle bacilli indicated that cross-resistance with capreomycin and viomycin occurs, but is unpredictable. Because of this variability in cross-resistance and the fact that kanamycin is a more toxic drug than capreomycin, it is suggested that capreomycin be used in the first retreatment regimen for tuberculosis when streptomycin resistance has been demonstrated.
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Advances in the development of connexin hemichannel inhibitors selective toward Cx43. 选择性Cx43连接蛋白半通道抑制剂的研究进展
Gap-junction channels formed by two connexin hemichannels play diverse and pivotal roles in intercellular communication and regulation. Normally hemichannels at the plasma membrane participate in autocrine and paracrine signaling, but abnormal increase in their activity can lead or contribute to various diseases. Selective inhibitors toward connexin hemichannels are of great interest. Among more than 20 identified isoforms of connexins, connexin 43 (Cx43) attracts the most interest due to its prevalence and link to cell damage in many disorders or diseases. Traditional antibacterial kanamycin decorated with hydrophobic groups yields amphiphilic kanamycins that show low cytotoxicity and prominent inhibitory effect against Cx43. This review focuses on the development of amphiphilic kanamycins as connexin hemichannel inhibitors and their future perspective.
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Urine concentrations of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and kanamycin after subcutaneous administration to healthy adult dogs. 健康成年犬皮下注射庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星和卡那霉素后的尿液浓度
Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and kanamycin were given subcutaneously in separate trials to healthy adult dogs of both sexes. Daily dosage levels were as follows: gentamicin, 6.6 mg/kg of body weight; tobramycin, 3 mg/kg; amikacin, 15 mg/kg; and kanamycin, 11 mg/kg. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were given in divided doses of 8-hour intervals for 5 consecutive 8-hour periods, whereas kanamycin was given in divided doses at 12-hour intervals for 4 consecutive 12-hour periods. Mean 8-hour urine concentrations +/- 1 SD were gentamicin, 107 +/- 33 microgram/ml, tobramycin, 66 +/- 39 microgram/ml; and amikacin, 342 +/- 153 microgram/ml. Mean urine concentrations (+/- 1 SD) for kanamycin were 473 +/- 306 microgram/ml in urine collected between 0 and 6 hours after dosing and 63 +/- 47 microgram/ml in urine collected 6 to 12 hours after dosing.
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Colorimetric aggregation assay for kanamycin using gold nanoparticles modified with hairpin DNA probes and hybridization chain reaction-assisted amplification. 使用发夹DNA探针修饰的金纳米颗粒和杂交链式反应辅助放大对卡那霉素进行比色聚集检测
The authors describe a colorimetric method for determination of kanamycin by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the element of signal-conversion and by applying hybridization chain reaction-assisted signal amplification. The assay is carried out by monitoring the absorbance change and color change adding salt to the reaction solution containing kanamycin (analyte), hairpin DNA probe, and AuNPs. Three hairpin DNA probes with sticky ends were absorbed on the AuNPs via their sticky ends. Cating with DNA prevents them from salt-induced aggregation (which leads to a color change from red to blue) in the complete absence of kanamycin. In contrast, in the presence of kanamycin, the aptamer hairpin DNA probe binds kanamycin, and the newly exposed section of DNA triggers a cascade of hybridization chain reactions with formation of numerous dsDNAs. On addition of salt, the AuNPs form blue aggregates due to the repulsion between dsDNA and AuNPs. Under optimal conditions, the ration of absorbance at 520 and 630 nm drops with the kanamycin concentration in the range from 1 to 40 μM, and the limit of detection is 0.68 μM. The assay can selectively distinguish kanamycin from other antibiotics. The method was applied to kanamycin detection in (spiked) milk samples and gave excellent recoveries. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of colorimetric method for kanamycin detection using gold nanoparticles modified with hairpin DNA probes and hybridization chain reaction-assisted amplification.
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Microbiological/clinical characteristics and validation of topical therapy with kanamycin in aerobic vaginitis: a pilot study. 需氧性阴道炎中卡那霉素局部治疗的微生物学/临床特征及验证：一项初步研究
The term 'aerobic vaginitis' defines a 'new' vaginal pathology that is neither classifiable as specific vaginitis nor as bacterial vaginosis. We studied a sample of 30 women with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of aerobic vaginitis and compared the efficacy and tolerability of kanamycin and meclocycline, two products commercially available in Italy in the form of vaginal pessaries. In chronological order of enrollment, the patients were alternately treated with kanamycin or meclocycline; the dose of administration in both groups was of one pessary per day for 6 days. The evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy was carried out both at the first check-up (7th-8th day) and at a second check-up (13th-16th day). At the first follow-up carried out immediately at the end of therapy, the percentage of normalisation of clinical signs and symptoms was increased independently of the type of treatment in the case of moderate grade aerobic vaginitis, while kanamycin was produced a better effect in the group with severe aerobic vaginitis. Furthermore, at the second follow-up, a direct correlation with recovery of vaginal homeostasis was demonstrated by the normalisation of the vaginal pH and by the presence of lactobacilli, only in kanamycin treated group. In conclusion, our results showed the validity of the treatment with kanamycin intravaginally in this recently recognised disease.
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Visual detection of kanamycin with functionalized Au nanoparticles. 功能化金纳米颗粒对卡那霉素的视觉检测
A simple and rapid colorimetric detection strategy, based on hydrogen bond identification of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) functionalized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), is proposed for highly selective and sensitive determination of kanamycin (KA). In this strategy, the hydrogen bond interaction between 6-TG and kanamycin induces AuNPs to agglomerate, with a consequent color change of AuNPs from wine red to purple or even blue. The kanamycin concentrations can be quantified by employing UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results display that kanamycin concentrations (0.005 to 18 µM) are linearly related to A/A (the absorbance ratio of 620 nm and 520 nm) with a LOD of 1.8 nM and a LOQ of 5.9 nM (S/N = 3). This strategy also reveals a high degree of selectivity among a series of common interfering species. Moreover, the strategy can be employed to detect trace amounts of kanamycin in real-life samples, and it shows satisfying results compared with high performance liquid chromatography. In general, this developed strategy is facile and inexpensive without the need for complex processing procedures and expensive instruments. In addition, this work may further exploit detection strategies for other organic contaminants, as well as make a strong contribution to the development of the colorimetric method.
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Effects of oral neomycin and kanamycin in chronic uremic patients: I. Urea metabolism. 口服新霉素和卡那霉素对慢性尿毒症患者的影响：I. 尿素代谢
The fate of portal ammonia derived from intestinal urea degradation was examined in 15 experiments in patients with chronic renal failure. The kinetics of labelled urea metabolism were studied before and again during the administration of oral neomycin or kanamycin. Detectable absorption of both drugs generally occurred, but urea clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate did not significantly change during antibiotic administration. In seven experiments a significant fall in urea degradation (65% to 95%) occurred during antibiotic administration. Analysis of the effect of antibiotics was confined to these seven experiments. In the control periods, there were no differences in urea metabolism or renal function between these patients and those in whom urea degradation was not suppressed. If ammonia derived from urea degradation is converted back to urea in the liver, then suppression of degradation would lead to an equal decrease in urea production, and the difference between production and degradation ("appearance") would remain constant. However, if urea-derived ammonia is used for protein synthesis, suppression of degradation would permit the formerly degraded urea to appear in urine and body fluids and thus to increase urea appearance. In these seven experiments, we found no change in urea appearance during antibiotic administration. We conclude that portal ammonia is reincorporated into urea in chronic renal failure and is not utilized significantly for protein synthesis.
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Ototoxicity of kanamycin sulfate and the barriers in the inner ear. 硫酸卡那霉素的耳毒性及内耳屏障
The effect of kanamycin sulfate administered by three routes on the function of the stria vascularis was monitored electrophysiologically in guinea pigs. The three routes were intramuscular injection, perilymphatic perfusion, or endolymphatic perfusion. Neither systemic administration of 500 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 to 12 days nor perilymphatic perfusion of 10(-3) M kanamycin affected the endocochlear dc potential (EP). However, with perfusion of kanamycin 10(-3) M in the endolymphatic space, the EP declined severely. Moreover, the decline in the EP was greater with higher concentrations of kanamycin in the endolymphatic perfusate. Furosemide given by each of the three routes produced an approximately equal decrease in the EP. The effects of kanamycin on the cells of the stria vascularis and the evidence for the perilymphatic-endolymphatic and blood-cochlear barriers are discussed.
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An edible kanamycin sulfate cross-linked cellulose active against multiple pathogenic bacteria. 一种可食用的硫酸卡那霉素交联纤维素，对多种致病菌具有活性
In this work, an edible cellulose-based antibacterial material was prepared by cross-linking α-cellulose and kanamycin sulfate via glutaraldehyde to form kanamycin sulfate-glutaraldehyde-cellulose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results indicated that the kanamycin sulfate molecule was cross-linked with the molecular chain of cellulose. The optimal mass ratio of kanamycin sulfate to α-cellulose was 1:100 and the degree of substitution reached 1.11%. The optimal kanamycin sulfate-glutaraldehyde-cellulose material showed an excellent inhabitation against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Meantime, the optimal kanamycin sulfate-glutaraldehyde-cellulose had a marked resistance to gastric acid and had low cell cytotoxicity. To promote the application of the kanamycin sulfate-glutaraldehyde-cellulose material, the porous microspheres were prepared via the sol-gel method. The particle size of the homogeneous porous microspheres is mainly distributed between 1.5 and 2.0 μm. Therefore, the kanamycin sulfate-glutaraldehyde-cellulose described herein is a potential edible, eco-friendly, potent, stable, inexpensive, and antibacterial carrier material for delivering drugs, proteins, or vaccines.
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Ototoxicity of kanamycin in albino and pigmented guinea pigs. I. A morphologic and electrophysiologic study. 卡那霉素对白化型和色素型豚鼠的耳毒性。I. 形态学和电生理学研究
Ototoxic drugs of the aminoglycoside type have been shown to accumulate to melanin, suggesting a possible mechanism for their ototoxicity. The present study was undertaken by combining electrophysiologic and morphologic methods to investigate whether the ototoxicity of kanamycin is different in pigmented and albino guinea pigs. In pigmented animals a kanamycin dose of 200 mg per kilogram of body weight per day resulted in hearing loss together with loss of both inner and outer hair cells. The albino animals in the same dose group showed significantly less hearing loss and hair cell degeneration. With daily doses of 20 and 60 mg/kg/day, no difference in ototoxicity was found between the pigmented and albino animals. The results support the hypothesis that affinity of kanamycin to inner ear melanin might be responsible for the difference in ototoxicity between albino and pigmented guinea pigs.