卡那霉素 kanamycin - PubMed 文献(第 5 页)
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卡那霉素 的 PubMed 搜索结果(第 5 页)
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The influence of pigmentation of rats and guinea-pigs on the ototoxicity of kanamycin and neomycin. 大鼠和豚鼠色素沉着对卡那霉素和新霉素耳毒性的影响
Following the finding that melanin pigment played a role in the accumulation of ototoxic drugs in the inner ear, an investigation was made of the possible influence of the pigmentation of animals on their susceptibility to the ototoxic effects of drugs. Hearing acuity was assessed by measurement of acoustic startle reaction. Preliminary experiments suggested that pigmented animals might be more likely to suffer hearing impairment following ototoxic drug administration. However, in a controlled study using rats treated with kanamycin, it was not possible to confirm this and albino animals appeared no less vulnerable than pigmented animals to kanamycin-induced deafness.
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Aptamer regulated peroxidase-like activity of cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets for colorimetric detection of kanamycin. 适配体调控的羟基氧化钴纳米片过氧化物酶样活性用于卡那霉素的比色检测
A straightforward label-free colorimetric aptasensor utilizing the aptamer-enhanced peroxidase-like activity of cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets has been established for kanamycin detection. In the kanamycin-free state, aptamers adsorb onto the CoOOH surface through electrostatic forces, enhancing the peroxidase-like activity of CoOOH and thereby resulting in a strong absorption signal and a yellow hue in 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) upon termination of the reaction with a stop solution. Conversely, upon the introduction of kanamycin, aptamers and CoOOH nanosheets compete for binding to kanamycin, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of aptamers bound to CoOOH. As a result, the activity of CoOOH diminishes, leading to a corresponding reduction in coloration and absorbance of the solution. Hence, the quantitative determination of kanamycin could be realized by analyzing the absorbance variations. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, with a linear detection range from 500 nM to 5 µM and a detection limit as low as 54.6 nM. Moreover, the aptasensor effectively identified kanamycin in river water samples, achieving a recovery rate between 91.7% and 102.1%. This approach offers good practicability and provides a novel platform for kanamycin detection in environmental samples.
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Development of an improved construct for spectinomycin selection in plant transformation. 用于植物转化中壮观霉素选择的一种改良构建体的开发
Efficient selection of transgenic plants is essential in plant biotechnology, and development of effective selectable marker systems plays a crucial role, especially as multiple rounds of transformation and gene stacking may require multiple selectable markers. The present study aims to develop and evaluate an enhanced spectinomycin resistance construct to provide robust selection for transformation events. The new construct was compared in multiple plant species to the standard spectinomycin selectable marker gene currently used for soybean transformation and to the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene that confers kanamycin resistance. In Arabidopsis thaliana, potato, and citrus, the transformation efficiency provided by the enhanced spectinomycin marker was approximately equal to that of kanamycin and considerably better than that observed for the standard spectinomycin marker. In soybean, the enhanced spectinomycin resistance marker preformed as well as the standard spectinomycin gene. These results demonstrate that the enhanced spectinomycin construct provides strong resistance, comparable to kanamycin in multiple species, offering an alternative tool for transgenic plant selection.
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A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of kanamycin using a core-hollow-shell structured peroxidase-mimic nanozyme, CHS-Fe₃O₄@@ZIF-8. The synthesized CHS-FeO@@ZIF-8 was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the CHS-FeO@@ZIF-8 exhibits excellent peroxidase-like activity due to its ultra-thin hollow layer. Besides, CHS-FeO@@ZIF-8 functionalized with complementary chains of kanamycin aptamer was anchored to the electrode surface via complementary base pairing with the kanamycin aptamer. Upon the presence of kanamycin, a strand displacement reaction was triggered leading to a reduction in the number of the CHS-FeO@@ZIF-8, which slowed down the catalytic reaction of the substrate 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) facilitated by CHS-FeO@@ZIF 8. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to measure and record changes in peak current resulting from catalytic oxidation product formation (oxidation product of TMB). The electrochemical signal exhibited a linear relationship with logarithmic variations in kanamycin concentration within a range spanning from 10 to 8000 pM and achieved an impressive detection limit as low as 7.52 pM. Furthermore, successful detection of kanamycin content in serum samples using this sensor demonstrated its good specificity and reproducibility. These findings indicate that the constructed electrochemical kanamycin sensor holds significant potential for practical applications. The biosensor demonstrated high selectivity, distinguishing kanamycin from other antibiotics, and exhibited good reproducibility, making it reliable for practical applications. The successful detection of kanamycin in serum samples further underscores the sensor's potential for real-world applications, particularly in monitoring antibiotic residues in food products and clinical diagnostics.
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[Kanamycin biosynthesis and aminoglycoside resistance in mutants of Streptomyces kanamyceticus resistant to 2-deoxyglucose]. [对2-脱氧葡萄糖具有抗性的卡那霉素链霉菌突变体中卡那霉素生物合成和氨基糖苷类耐药性]
Mutants of S. kanamyceticus resistant to 2-desoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) with impaired glucose repression of the kanamycin biosynthesis property were isolated. The effect of the carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, maltose and glycerol on the biosynthesis of kanamycin by the mutants was studied in comparison to the wild type strain 1375 and strain 1, an improved variant with higher levels of kanamycin production. Significant differences in the level of kanamycin biosynthesis by the strains grown in the presence of the carbon sources were detected. Unlike the initial strains of S. kanamyceticus, the mutants resistant to 2-DOG synthesized kanamycin in the presence of high concentrations of glucose in the medium (2 or 5 per cent). Strains 1375, 1 and dgrl of S. kanamyceticus significantly differed by the rate of the glucose utilization. The rate of the glucose utilization by the highly productive strain 1 and 2-DOG resistant mutant was lower than that by the wild type strain 1375. Expression of the aminoglycoside resistance feature in the mutants with the impaired repression of the kanamycin biosynthesis property was studied in comparison with that in the initial strains of S. kanamyceticus. It was demonstrated that the mutants differed in the level of the resistance to their own and other aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Penetration of antibiotics into bile. 抗生素对胆汁的渗透
In experimental cholecystitis in dogs, the eradication of E. coli with ampicillin, chloramphenical and kanamycin, all of which showed nearly the same MICs for this bacterial species, varied according to the differences in the penetration of the antibiotics through the liver into the bile. Antibiotics such as cephalothin and rifampicin, which are partially metabolized in the liver to inactive forms, showed higher biliary levels in CCl4-damaged animals than in the normal ones. The results were considered to be due to a reduction in the inactivating effect of esterases in the liver cells. These esterases were mainly found in the cytosol fraction and their intracellular distribution differed from that of esterases for aspirin and/or phenyl acetate.
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Establishment of a highly efficient conjugation protocol for Streptomyces kanamyceticus ATCC12853. 卡那霉素链霉菌ATCC12853高效接合方案的建立
Kanamycin B as the secondary metabolite of wild-type Streptomyces kanamyceticus (S. kanamyceticus) ATCC12853 is often used for the synthesis of dibekacin and arbekacin. To construct the strain has the ability for kanamycin B production; the pSET152 derivatives from Escherichia coli ET12567 were introduced to S. kanamyceticus by intergeneric conjugal transfer. In this study, we established a reliable genetic manipulation system for S. kanamyceticus. The key factors of conjugal transfer were evaluated, including donor-to-recipient ratio, heat-shock, and the overlaying time of antibiotics. When spores were used as recipient, the optimal conjugation frequency was up to 6.7 × 10 . And mycelia were used as an alternative recipient for conjugation instead of spores; the most suitable donor-to-recipient ratio is 1:1 (10 :10 ). After incubated for only 10-12 hr and overlaid with antibiotics subsequently, the conjugation frequency can reach to 6.2 × 10 which is sufficient for gene knockout and other genetic operation. Based on the optimized conjugal transfer condition, kanJ was knocked out successfully. The kanamycin B yield of kanJ-disruption strain can reach to 543.18 ± 42 mg/L while the kanamycin B yield of wild-type strain was only 46.57 ± 12 mg/L. The current work helps improve the content of kanamycin B in the fermentation broth of S. kanamyceticus effectively to ensure the supply for the synthesis of several critical semisynthetic antibiotics.
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Aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the chick (Gallus domesticus) inner ear: I. The effects of kanamycin and netilmicin on the basilar papilla. 雏鸡（家鸡）内耳中的氨基糖苷类耳毒性：I. 卡那霉素和奈替米星对基底乳头的影响
A single dose (100 mg/kg of egg weight) of kanamycin or netilmicin was injected into the yolk sacs of 7-day-old chick (Gallus domesticus) embryos. Embryos were collected every 24 hours and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Morphologic study of the medial basilar papilla disclosed that both kanamycin and netilmicin are toxic to the hair cells in this region. Intoxication was manifested by an increased number of dense osmiophilic bodies, swollen mitochondria, agglomerated chromatin, and occasional disorganization of the kinocilium basal bodies. The cytologic changes observed in the hair cells of embryos injected with netilmicin and kanamycin were similar. However, mitochondrial damage was more severe in the chicks after kanamycin than after netilmicin injection. Some of the cytologic alterations described here are comparable to those already reported for aminoglycoside-intoxicated hair cells in several mammalian species. This study and previous work indicate that the chick embryo provides a satisfactory developmental model for testing ototoxicity of drugs in vivo.
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Production of monoclonal antibody and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for kanamycin in biological matrices. 单克隆抗体的制备和开发... (原文已截断)
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against kanamycin were prepared by using a kanamycin-bovine gamma-globulin conjugate for the immunization of mice. Splenocytes from BALB/c immunized mice were fused with P3X63Ag8U.1 myeloma cells. This resulted in two hybridoma cell lines. Fifty per cent inhibition concentrations (IC50) for the MAbs were 2 and 5 ng ml-1. One MAb (IC50 = 2 ng ml-1) was named #22 and was used to develop quantitative assays for kanamycin by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection limit was 0.2 ng ml-1 and the standard deviations were 0.2-4.4% for intra-assay and 0.6-4.7% for inter-assay, respectively. The detection limits using peroxidase were 4 ppb in cattle milk, cattle plasma, cattle urine, swine plasma, swine urine and chicken plasma. Using the MAb #22 produced, a rapid test kit based on an immunochromatographic method was developed. The detection limits using the kit were 50 ppb in cattle milk, cattle plasma, cattle urine and chicken plasma.
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Amikacin in newborn infants: comparative pharmacology with kanamycin and clinical efficacy in 45 neonates with bacterial diseases.
The pharmacokinetic properties of amikacin (BBK8) were similar to those of kanamycin in newborn infants. Peak serum concentrations of both drugs were in the range of 15 to 25 mug/ml with the exception of kanamycin in babies weighing greater than 2,000 g at birth where peak levels were 12.5 to 15 mug/ml. Volumes of distribution, plasma clearances, and serum half-life values were comparable for the two drugs. The clinical and bacteriological responses to amikacin therapy were assessed in 45 neonates with bacterial diseases. A case fatality rate of 26% was observed in infants with septicemia and/or meningitis, whereas no deaths occurred among 22 infants with urinary tract and mucocutaneous infections. Cultures from infected sites were sterile within 72 h of initiating amikacin therapy in 47% of the infants, continued positive for greater than 72 h in 31%, and were not reevaluated during therapy in 22%. The clinical response was judged to be satisfactory in 92% of the surviving infants. The efficacy of amikacin was comparable to that of kanamycin or gentamicin in neonatal bacterial diseases.