静脉血栓栓塞症 venous thromboembolism - PubMed 文献
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关于 静脉血栓栓塞症
静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism，VTE）是涵盖深静脉血栓形成（deep vein thrombosis，DVT）与肺血栓栓塞症（pulmonary embolism，PE）的统称，属于血液病学、血管医学与呼吸病学交叉领域。其病理核心为 Virchow 三要素：血流淤滞、血管内皮损伤与高凝状态。VTE 既可视为同一疾病谱在不同阶段的表现，也可按诱发因素分为 provoked 与 unprovoked 两类。近义词包括静脉血栓栓塞、静脉血栓栓塞性疾病、VTE、深静脉血栓与肺栓塞综合征。该术语在临床指南、抗凝治疗研究及围手术期管理中高频出现。
VTE 研究热点覆盖危险因素评估、抗凝策略优化、血栓后综合征与慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的长期管理。经典议题包括骨科大手术与肿瘤相关血栓的预防、直接口服抗凝药的应用比较、遗传性易栓症筛查，以及抗磷脂综合征等获得性高凝状态。代表性期刊有 Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis、Thrombosis Research、Chest 与 Blood，学者如 Clive Kearon、Jeffrey Weitz 等在指南制定与机制研究中具有影响力。
PubMed 增强版可为 VTE 主题用户提供摘要与全文的中英对照翻译，降低非英语母语研究者的阅读门槛；展示期刊影响因子与分区信息，辅助判断文献学术权重；支持合规的 PDF 下载链接与文献管理导出；内置 AI 阅读功能可快速提炼研究设计、人群与结局指标，帮助临床医生与研究者高效筛选抗凝治疗、流行病学及预后相关证据。
静脉血栓栓塞症 的 PubMed 搜索结果
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Relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and venous thromboembolism: results from a population-based study. 社区社会经济地位与静脉血栓栓塞症的关系：基于人群的研究结果
Essentials Literature on socioeconomic status (SES) and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is scarce. We assessed neighborhood SES with VTE risk in a population of over 1.4 million inhabitants. Higher neighborhood SES was associated with lower incidence of VTE. These findings are helpful to inform policy and resource allocation in health systems. Background The association between socioeconomic status and arterial cardiovascular disease is well established. However, despite its high burden of disability-adjusted life years, little research has been carried out to determine whether socioeconomic status is associated with venous thromboembolism. Objective To determine if neighborhood socioeconomic status is associated with venous thromboembolism in a population-based study from the Netherlands. Methods We identified all patients aged 15 years and older with a first event of venous thromboembolism from inhabitants who lived in the urban districts of The Hague, Leiden and Utrecht in the Netherlands in 2008-2012. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was based on the status score, which combines educational level, income and unemployment on a four-digit postal code level. Incidence rate ratios of venous thromboembolism were calculated for different levels of neighborhood socioeconomic status, with adjustments for age and sex. Results A total of 7373 patients with a first venous thromboembolism (median age 61 years; 50% deep vein thrombosis) were identified among more than 1.4 million inhabitants. Higher neighborhood SES was associated with lower incidence of VTE. In the two highest status score groups (i.e. the 95-99th and > 99th percentile), the adjusted incidence rate ratios were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.00) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69-0.93), respectively, compared with the reference status score group (i.e. 30-70th percentile). Conclusions High neighborhood socioeconomic status is associated with a lower risk of first venous thromboembolism.
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Venous Thromboembolism at High Altitude: Our Approach to Patients at Risk. 高海拔地区的静脉血栓栓塞症：我们对高危患者的处理方法
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a prevalent disorder that confers substantial cardiovascular morbidity and, in serious cases, death. VTE has a complex and incompletely understood etiopathogenesis with genetic, acquired, and environmental risk factors. As the focus of this review, one environmental risk factor, which may interact with other risk factors such as hereditary and/or acquired thrombophilias, is travel to high altitude (HA), although current evidence is limited. As guidelines do not directly address this topic, we will discuss the epidemiology of HA-VTE, review the putative mechanisms for thrombosis at HA, and discuss our clinical approach to both risk stratification and counseling, including specific pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic recommendations for patients with elevated VTE risk before they travel to HA.
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The role of factor Xa inhibitors in venous thromboembolism treatment. Xa因子抑制剂在静脉血栓栓塞症治疗中的作用
Three factor Xa inhibitors have been studied in the treatment of venous thromboembolism, both for acute therapy and as extended therapy to prevent recurrent events. Rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban have all proven to be effective in Phase III clinical trials for this indication when compared to current standard of therapy with similar or less bleeding. Nevertheless, the agents all offer different pharmacological profiles, which have an impact on patient selection and potential advantages in clinical practice.
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Clinical utility of apixaban in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism: current evidence. 阿哌沙班在静脉血栓栓塞症预防和治疗中的临床效用：现有证据
Anticoagulation with heparin and vitamin K antagonist has been the mainstay of prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) for many years. In recent years, novel oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran etexilate (a direct thrombin inhibitor) and rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban (a direct factor Xa inhibitor) have emerged for the prevention and treatment of VTE. Novel oral anticoagulants have been shown to be noninferior to vitamin K antagonist or heparin in the prevention and treatment of VTE. This review specifically examines the role of apixaban in the prevention and treatment of VTE based on the available literature. The management of apixaban in the perioperative setting is also explored because some patients on apixaban may require surgical intervention. Finally, we discuss the management of apixaban-induced major bleeding complications, the relevance of drug-drug interactions, and patient education.
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Prevention of venous thromboembolism in adult patients with cancer in the acute care setting. 急性护理环境中成年癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞症的预防
Adult patients with cancer in the acute care setting face numerous potential complications related to malignancy. Risk for development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is among the most critical of adverse outcomes for this patient population, ultimately leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Nurses must be familiar with the general pathophysiology of VTE and pathophysiology specific to oncology to prevent the occurrence of this complex hematologic process. Knowledge of pharmacologic prevention methods, such as low-dose unfractionated heparin, low-molecular weight heparin, and warfarin, as well as mechanical prophylaxis such as graduated compression stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression devices, is essential to preventing VTE. The ability to develop and implement an educational plan tailored to the specific learning needs of each patient also is a vital skill that must be incorporated into the practice of nurses caring for patients with cancer in the acute care setting to prevent the incidence of VTE in this population.
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The effect of BMI on haemostasis: Implications for thrombosis in women's health. BMI对止血功能的影响：对女性健康中血栓形成的意义
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is a well-recognised risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). This article summarises the current understanding of obesity and debates how obesity induces this increased risk of VTE. Obesity is associated with prothrombotic changes which have been well-characterised and include increased levels of plasminogen activator-1, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and evidence of increased coagulation and platelet activation; however, these changes do not seem to account for all the increased risk. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role for increased tissue factor expression and signalling in this relationship, with increased tissue factor expression present in adipose and possibly systemic tissues, induced by adipose generated cytokines. Lastly, there is a strong suggestion that decreased venous flow due to venous enlargement may play the major role in increased VTE risk with obesity.
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Prevalence and risk factors of thromboembolism after joint arthroplasty without chemical thromboprophylaxis in an Asian population. 亚洲人群中未接受化学性血栓预防的关节置换术后血栓栓塞症的患病率及危险因素
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication after major orthopedic surgery. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of VTE in patients undergoing arthroplasty without thromboprophylaxis. A total of 1608 patients who underwent elective knee or hip arthroplasty between 1996 and 2009 were evaluated. The incidence of VTE was 1.99% (n = 32). Of them, 0.24% (n = 4) were diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. The risk factors associated with VTE were female sex, revision surgery, bilateral simultaneous procedure, CVA (cerebrovascular accident; thromboembolic stroke) history, and preoperative platelet count (all P > .05). There was an annual increase in the prevalence of VTE from 1996 to 2009 (P = .002). According to these results, thromboprophylaxis is strongly recommended in high-risk groups of Korean arthroplasty patients.
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Thrombosis in patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia. 原发性慢性免疫性血小板减少症患者的血栓形成
Patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) have immune-mediated platelet destruction and/or suppressed platelet production. ITP patients are, due to the thrombocytopenia, at increased risk of severe bleeding episodes. Paradoxically, these patients also seem to have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Findings from a Danish study including 391 patients with chronic ITP and 3,128 comparisons from the general population have suggested a more than twofold higher risk of VTE in patients with chronic ITP compared with the general population. VTEs may occur even in patients with low platelet count. The conclusion is therefore that clinicians should keep VTE in mind as a potential diagnosis in patients with chronic ITP.
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Effectiveness and safety of anticoagulants among patients with venous thromboembolism and common cancers or cancers with high venous thromboembolism risk. 抗凝药物在静脉血栓栓塞症合并常见癌症或高静脉血栓栓塞症风险癌症患者中的有效性和安全性
Treatment effects among anticoagulant-treated patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer across tumor types were evaluated. Patients initiating an anticoagulant within 30 days after VTE were identified. After inverse probability treatment weighting, patients were stratified by tumor type. Interactions between treatment and tumor type on recurrent VTE, major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Treatment effects were generally not significantly different among patients with or without the following cancer types: prostate, breast, lung, pancreatic or multiple myeloma. Few significant interactions were observed for lung and pancreatic cancer. Anticoagulant treatment effects were generally consistent across tumor types. The significant interactions may indicate tumor-specific effects of anticoagulants, but further research is needed.
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Practical Considerations for the Management of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: A Guide for the General Oncology Practitioner. 癌症相关静脉血栓栓塞症管理的实践考虑：全科肿瘤学从业者指南
Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism is a devastating complication of cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The cornerstone of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism treatment is anticoagulation, and in recent years, there have been notable randomized clinical trials that have revealed insights into the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants and low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. Deciding on the ideal anticoagulation treatment plan for a patient with a cancer-associated thrombosis is a complex task that requires an understanding of clinical trial data, society guidelines, and, most importantly, consideration of many cancer-related, treatment-related, and patient-related factors. This article summarizes important factors to consider when deciding on anticoagulation therapy for a patient with cancer-associated thrombosis.