大学生体育锻炼与抑郁：正念和经验回避的系列中介作用

摘要(中文译文)

本研究以接纳承诺疗法（ACT）为指导，考察特质正念与心理不灵活性及经验性回避相关过程（采用接纳与行动问卷第二版，AAQ-II评估）是否与大学生体育锻炼和抑郁症状之间的关联存在统计学联系。采用横断面整群抽样方法，从中国江苏省一所高校的11个公共体育课班级中招募样本。共邀请320名学生，保留有效问卷308份。参与者完成了体育活动等级量表-3（PARS-3）、正念注意觉知量表（MAAS）、接纳与行动问卷第二版（AAQ-II）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）。对数据进行了缺失值、重复记录、超出范围值及潜在离群值的复核。在R软件中进行了Welch t检验、Pearson相关分析、标准化回归路径模型及基于bootstrap的序列间接关联分析。性别作为协变量纳入分析。根据SDS标准分，至少存在轻度抑郁症状的检出率为20.78%。体育锻炼与抑郁症状呈负相关（β = -0.264，< 0.001），与正念呈正相关（β = 0.286，< 0.001）。纳入正念后，体育锻炼与AAQ-II相关得分之间的直接关联不显著（β = -0.083，= 0.113）。正念与AAQ-II相关得分及抑郁症状均呈负相关，而AAQ-II相关得分与抑郁症状呈正相关。Bootstrap分析显示，通过正念的间接关联显著，以及通过正念继而AAQ-II相关得分的序列间接关联显著。仅通过AAQ-II相关得分的间接路径不显著。体育锻炼与大学生较低的抑郁症状相关，且该关联与特质正念及AAQ-II相关得分以序列模式存在统计学联系。AAQ-II相关得分并未作为独立的间接路径发挥作用，而主要出现在正念之后的路径中。由于本研究为横断面设计且基于单一高校的自我报告数据，研究结果应解释为横断面间接关联，而非因果中介的证据。

Abstract

Guided by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), this study examined whether trait mindfulness and psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance-related processes, assessed using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), were statistically linked to the association between physical exercise and depressive symptoms among college students. A cross-sectional cluster sample was recruited from 11 general physical education classes at one university in Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 308 valid questionnaires were retained from 320 invited students. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Data were rechecked for missing values, duplicate records, out-of-range values, and potential outliers. Welchupl-tests, Pearson correlations, standardized regression path models, and bootstrap-based serial indirect association analyses were conducted in R. Gender was included as a covariate. The prevalence of at least mild depressive symptoms was 20.78% based on SDS standard scores. Physical exercise was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = -0.264, < 0.001) and positively associated with mindfulness (β = 0.286, < 0.001). After mindfulness was included, the direct association between physical exercise and AAQ-II-related scores was not significant (β = -0.083, = 0.113). Mindfulness was negatively associated with AAQ-II-related scores and depressive symptoms, whereas AAQ-II-related scores were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Bootstrap analyses showed a significant indirect association through mindfulness and a significant serial indirect association through mindfulness followed by AAQ-II-related scores. The indirect path through AAQ-II-related scores alone was not significant. Physical exercise was associated with lower depressive symptoms among college students, and this association was statistically linked to trait mindfulness and AAQ-II-related scores in a serial pattern. AAQ-II-related scores did not operate as an independent indirect pathway but appeared mainly within the pathway following mindfulness. Because the study was cross-sectional and based on self-report data from a single university, the findings should be interpreted as cross-sectional indirect associations rather than evidence of causal mediation.

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