新冠肺炎疫苗接种焦虑量表的开发，用于测量日本成年人的新冠肺炎疫苗焦虑
Development of a COVID-19 Vaccination Anxiety Scale to measure COVID-19 vaccine anxiety in Japanese adults.
摘要(中文译文)
尽管COVID-19疫苗已广泛可及且有效，疫苗接种焦虑仍是一项重要的公共卫生挑战，且有别于行为层面的疫苗犹豫。现有多种量表可测量疫苗犹豫，但很少有量表专门捕捉针对COVID-19疫苗的多维度心理焦虑，且尚无量表在日本人群中得到验证。为直接量化这一情感成分，本研究旨在开发并验证适用于日本成人的COVID-19疫苗接种焦虑量表。研究对500名日本成人开展了双波次网络调查。参与者完成了经文化适配的新编25条目量表，同时完成评估COVID-19恐惧、疫苗接种意愿、阴谋论信念及疾病易感性感知的效度验证测量。间隔四周后评估重测信度。因子分析揭示了三因子结构：疫苗信心相关焦虑、焦虑的情绪症状及接种后感染焦虑。该量表显示出良好的内部一致性和高重测信度，多组分析提示三因子结构在性别间具有近似可比性。构念效度通过与外部效标之间显著的、符合理论预期的相关性得到支持。具体而言，疫苗接种焦虑与较低的疫苗接种意愿、较高的感染恐惧及更强的阴谋论信念密切相关。这些发现凸显出疫苗接种焦虑是一种复杂的情绪反应，需要专门的测量工具。从公共卫生角度看，结果提示，应对情感层面的担忧——而非仅提供分析性风险数据——对于有效沟通至关重要。COVID-19疫苗接种焦虑量表为监测日本人群层面的焦虑水平及评估针对性干预措施提供了有用工具。未来研究应检验相同结构能否在更年轻及年龄分布更均衡的样本中重现，以及该量表能否适配用于其他情境。
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccines are widely available and effective, vaccination anxiety remains a significant public health challenge that is distinct from behavioral vaccine hesitancy. While various scales measure hesitancy, few specifically capture the multifaceted psychological anxiety regarding COVID-19 vaccines, and none have been validated for the Japanese population. To directly quantify this affective component, this study aimed to develop and validate the COVID-19 Vaccination Anxiety Scale for Japanese adults. A two-wave web-based survey was conducted with 500 Japanese adults. Participants completed the newly culturally adapted 25-item scale alongside validation measures assessing fear of COVID-19, vaccination readiness, conspiracist beliefs, and perceived vulnerability to disease. Test-retest reliability was evaluated after a four-week interval. Factor analyses revealed a three-factor structure: Anxiety Related to Vaccine Confidence, Emotional Symptoms of Anxiety, and Anxiety about Infection after Vaccination. The scale showed good internal consistency and high test-retest reliability, and multigroup analyses suggested approximate comparability of the three-factor structure across gender. Construct validity was supported through significant, theoretically aligned correlations with the external criteria. Specifically, vaccination anxiety was strongly associated with lower vaccination readiness, higher fear of infection, and greater conspiratorial beliefs. These findings highlight that vaccination anxiety is a complex emotional response that requires specific measurement. From a public health perspective, the results suggest that addressing affective concerns-rather than solely providing analytic risk data-is crucial for effective communication. The COVID-19 Vaccination Anxiety Scale provides a useful tool for monitoring population-level anxiety and evaluating targeted interventions in Japan. Future studies should examine whether the same structure is replicated in younger and more age-balanced samples and whether the scale can be adapted for use in other settings.
如何引用
AMA
Time Fukuda, Ranno Haruyama, Yuto Tanaka, Shuma Natori, Kohei Koiwa, Koubun Wakashima. Development of a COVID-19 Vaccination Anxiety Scale to measure COVID-19 vaccine anxiety in Japanese adults.. PloS one. 2026; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330146.
APA
Time Fukuda, Ranno Haruyama, Yuto Tanaka, Shuma Natori, Kohei Koiwa, Koubun Wakashima (2026). Development of a COVID-19 Vaccination Anxiety Scale to measure COVID-19 vaccine anxiety in Japanese adults.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330146
GB/T 7714
Time Fukuda, Ranno Haruyama, Yuto Tanaka, Shuma Natori, Kohei Koiwa, Koubun Wakashima. Development of a COVID-19 Vaccination Anxiety Scale to measure COVID-19 vaccine anxiety in Japanese adults.[J]. PloS one, 2026 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330146.
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