评估孕妇的类胡萝卜素摄入量：基于FFQ的饮食模式方法
Evaluating Carotenoids Intake of Pregnant Women: A FFQ-Based Approach to Dietary Patterns.
摘要(中文译文)
妊娠是母体营养深刻影响母亲健康和胎儿发育的关键时期。类胡萝卜素主要存在于水果和蔬菜中，是增强抗氧化防御并促进整个妊娠期维生素A代谢的生物活性化合物。然而，由于缺乏能够量化单个类胡萝卜素的膳食评估工具，加之东欧人群数据有限，评估类胡萝卜素摄入量面临挑战。本研究在罗马尼亚开展了一项涉及621名孕妇的横断面研究，旨在估算膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量并探讨其与膳食模式和整体膳食质量的关联。膳食数据采用针对罗马尼亚人群改编的EPIC食物频率问卷（EPIC-FFQ）获取。利用美国农业部类胡萝卜素数据库开发了专门的类胡萝卜素估算模型。采用主成分分析（PCA）识别膳食模式，并使用妊娠期膳食质量指数（DQI-P）评估膳食质量。研究结果显示个体间存在显著差异。摄入量中位数最高的是β-胡萝卜素（2464 μg）和番茄红素（1664 μg），其次是叶黄素和玉米黄质（908 μg）、α-胡萝卜素（615 μg）以及β-隐黄质（121 μg）。蔬菜膳食模式与类胡萝卜素摄入量的正相关性最强，而高能量密度模式主要与维生素E和生育酚/生育三烯酚相关，混合模式则与维生素A和维生素D相关。较高的DQI-P评分始终与类胡萝卜素摄入量增加相关。总体而言，妊娠期母体类胡萝卜素摄入量常显不足，且女性个体间差异较大。富含蔬菜的膳食和较高的整体膳食质量与类胡萝卜素摄入水平升高相关。这些发现增进了对东欧孕妇膳食类胡萝卜素摄入情况的理解。
Abstract
Pregnancy is a vital period during which maternal nutrition profoundly influences both maternal health and fetal development. Carotenoids, predominantly found in fruits and vegetables, are bioactive compounds that enhance antioxidant defenses and facilitate vitamin A metabolism throughout pregnancy. However, assessing carotenoids intake presents challenges due to the lack of dietary assessment tools capable of quantifying individual carotenoids, coupled with limited data from populations in Eastern Europe. A cross-sectional study involving 621 pregnant women in Romania was conducted to estimate dietary carotenoids intake and investigate associations with dietary patterns and overall diet quality. Dietary data were obtained using the EPIC Food Frequency Questionnaire (EPIC-FFQ), adapted for Romanian populations. A dedicated carotenoid estimation model was developed utilizing the USDA Carotenoid Database. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify dietary patterns, and diet quality was evaluated using the Diet Quality Index during Pregnancy (DQI-P). The findings revealed significant individual variability. The median intake was highest for β-carotene (2464 μg), and lycopene (1664 μg), followed by lutein and zeaxanthin (908 μg), α-carotene (615 μg), and β-cryptoxanthin (121 μg). The Vegetable-meal pattern exhibited the strongest positive correlation with carotenoids intake, whereas the Energy-dense pattern was primarily associated with vitamin E and tocopherols/tocotrienols, and the Mixed pattern with vitamins A and D. Higher DQI-P scores were consistently correlated with increased carotenoids consumption. Overall, maternal carotenoids intake during pregnancy was frequently insufficient and showed considerable variation among women. A diet rich in vegetables and higher overall diet quality were associated with elevated carotenoids intake levels. These findings enhance the understanding of dietary carotenoids intake among pregnant women in Eastern Europe.
如何引用
AMA
Andreea-Maria Mitran, Alina-Delia Popa, Catalin-Mihail Chiru, Cornelia Mircea, Ionut Iulian Lungu, Ioana-Cezara Caba, et al. Evaluating Carotenoids Intake of Pregnant Women: A FFQ-Based Approach to Dietary Patterns.. Nutrients. 2026; doi:10.3390/nu18121999.
APA
Andreea-Maria Mitran, Alina-Delia Popa, Catalin-Mihail Chiru, Cornelia Mircea, Ionut Iulian Lungu, Ioana-Cezara Caba, et al (2026). Evaluating Carotenoids Intake of Pregnant Women: A FFQ-Based Approach to Dietary Patterns.. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121999
GB/T 7714
Andreea-Maria Mitran, Alina-Delia Popa, Catalin-Mihail Chiru, Cornelia Mircea, Ionut Iulian Lungu, Ioana-Cezara Caba, et al. Evaluating Carotenoids Intake of Pregnant Women: A FFQ-Based Approach to Dietary Patterns.[J]. Nutrients, 2026 doi:10.3390/nu18121999.
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