乳清蛋白和免疫：免疫系统强化和保护免受病毒和细菌感染的机制
Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.
摘要(中文译文)
本综述旨在探讨关键乳清蛋白和乳蛋白，特别是乳铁蛋白、糖巨肽、β-乳球蛋白、α-乳白蛋白及其衍生肽，尤其是乳铁蛋白肽和乳铁抗菌肽的免疫调节、抗炎、抗病毒和抗菌活性，突出其作为预防性或治疗性制剂的潜力。乳清和乳制品是复杂的生物基质，除具有高营养价值外，还是具有已证实健康促进特性的生物活性蛋白质和肽的储存库。已有报道表明，某些乳清蛋白（WPs）和乳清衍生肽可能有助于改善先天性和适应性免疫，发挥直接抗病毒和抗菌作用，同时通过免疫调节、抗氧化和抗炎活性调节宿主防御。这些机制不仅有助于增强对病毒病原体的抵抗力，还有助于维持肠道稳态和微生物群平衡，二者在感染期间均至关重要。近年来，特别是在COVID-19大流行的背景下，源自乳清以及更广泛地源自乳的天然生物活性化合物作为传统抗病毒药物的潜在辅助或替代方案日益受到关注，据报道其不仅对SARS-CoV-2、流感具有活性，对其他病毒和微生物感染亦具有活性。尽管体外和体内证据令人鼓舞，但临床验证仍然有限，乳清蛋白的抗病毒和免疫调节作用仍需更深入的机制阐明。未来研究应侧重于识别分子靶点，以及表征乳清蛋白和乳清蛋白肽在不同临床环境中的药代动力学和安全性特征。同时，应关注优化其作为营养保健品或功能性乳制品配料的应用。
Abstract
This review aims to examine the immunological, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial activities of key whey and milk proteins, specifically lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and their derived peptides, particularly lactoferricin and lactoferrampin, highlighting their potential as preventive or therapeutic agents. Whey and dairy products represent complex biological matrices that, beyond their high nutritional value, serve as reservoirs of bioactive proteins and peptides with documented health-promoting properties. It has been reported that certain whey proteins (WPs) and whey-derived peptides may contribute to improvements in both innate and adaptive immunity, exert direct antiviral and antibacterial effects while also modulating host defenses through immunoregulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. These mechanisms contribute not only to enhanced resistance against viral pathogens but also to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and microbiota balance, both of which are critical during infection. In recent years, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, natural bioactive compounds derived from whey, and, more broadly, milk, have attracted increasing attention as potential adjuncts or alternatives to conventional antivirals, with reported activity not only against SARS-CoV-2, influenza but also other viral and microbial infections. Despite encouraging in vitro and in vivo evidence, clinical validation remains limited, and the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of WPs still require deeper mechanistic clarification. Future research should focus on identifying molecular targets, as well as characterizing the pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of WPs and WP peptides across diverse clinical settings. At the same time, attention should be given to optimizing their application as nutraceuticals or functional dairy ingredients.
如何引用
AMA
Jean-François Lesgards. Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.. Nutrients. 2026; doi:10.3390/nu18111770.
APA
Jean-François Lesgards (2026). Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18111770
GB/T 7714
Jean-François Lesgards. Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.[J]. Nutrients, 2026 doi:10.3390/nu18111770.
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