协同还是主导？咖啡因和碳水化合物对高强度间歇运动表现的工效学影响：三水平荟萃分析
Synergy or Dominance? The Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine and Carbohydrate on High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.
摘要(中文译文)
本meta分析旨在量化咖啡因（CAF）与碳水化合物（CHO）联合使用对高强度间歇运动（HIIE）表现的综合增效作用，并识别潜在的调节因素。系统检索了四个数据库，以筛选评估CAF联合CHO（CAF+CHO）对HIIE表现（即运动时间、距离或总做功）影响的随机交叉试验。采用三水平随机效应meta分析计算合并Hedge's g值。通过亚组分析探讨调节效应，包括对照组类型（安慰剂对照、CHO对照和CAF对照）、CHO给药方式（漱口和摄入）以及训练状态（休闲活跃者和训练有素者）。共纳入11项符合标准的研究（n=105；女性8名）。CAF+CHO显著增强HIIE表现（g=0.44，95%CI：0.23-0.66）。亚组分析表明，CAF+CHO漱口（g=0.91，CI：0.49-1.33）的效果优于CAF+CHO摄入（g=0.33，CI：0.14-0.52）（亚组P<0.05）。在CHO对照和安慰剂对照试验中观察到CAF+CHO带来的运动表现改善，但在CAF对照试验中未观察到，且亚组效应不显著（亚组P>0.05）。重要的是，研究发现了发表偏倚的证据，根据GRADE框架，总体证据质量被评为低。CAF+CHO似乎对增强HIIE表现有效，当CHO通过漱口而非摄入方式给药时观察到更大获益。初步证据提示CAF可能在CAF+CHO策略中发挥关键作用。然而，鉴于女性参与者数量有限，这些发现对两性的普适性受到限制。需要更多高质量试验以建立更明确的建议。
Abstract
: This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the combined ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) and carbohydrate (CHO) on high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performance and to identify potential moderating factors. : Four databases were systematically searched to identify randomized crossover trials assessing CAF combined with CHO (CAF + CHO) on HIIE performance (i.e., exercise time, distance, or total work). A three-level random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled Hedge's (g) values. Moderator effects were explored through subgroup analyses, including control group (placebo-, CHO-, and CAF-controlled), CHO administration (mouth rinse and ingestion), and training status (recreationally active and trained). : Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria ( = 105; 8 female). CAF + CHO significantly enhanced HIIE performance (g = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.66). Subgroup analyses indicated that CAF + CHO mouth rinsing (g = 0.91, CI: 0.49-1.33) yielded superior effects compared to CAF + CHO ingestion (g = 0.33, CI: 0.14-0.52) ( for subgroup < 0.05). Performance improvements with CAF + CHO were observed for CHO- and placebo-controlled trials, but not in CAF-controlled trials, without significant subgroup effects ( for subgroup > 0.05). Importantly, evidence of publication bias was identified, and the overall certainty of evidence was graded as low according to the GRADE framework. : CAF + CHO appears to be effective for enhancing HIIE performance, with greater benefits observed when CHO is administered via mouth rinsing rather than ingestion. Preliminary evidence suggests that CAF may play a key role in CAF + CHO strategies. However, given the limited number of female participants, the generalizability of these findings to both sexes is limited. Additional high-quality trials are needed to establish more definitive recommendations.
如何引用
AMA
Hao Li, Yixiang Peng, Baiyu Liu, Li Ding, Kai Xu, Tze-Huan Lei, et al. Synergy or Dominance? The Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine and Carbohydrate on High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.. Nutrients. 2026; doi:10.3390/nu18121868.
APA
Hao Li, Yixiang Peng, Baiyu Liu, Li Ding, Kai Xu, Tze-Huan Lei, et al (2026). Synergy or Dominance? The Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine and Carbohydrate on High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121868
GB/T 7714
Hao Li, Yixiang Peng, Baiyu Liu, Li Ding, Kai Xu, Tze-Huan Lei, et al. Synergy or Dominance? The Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine and Carbohydrate on High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.[J]. Nutrients, 2026 doi:10.3390/nu18121868.
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