甘氨酸铜和二甲酸钾对猪免疫和肠道微生物的比较影响二甲酸钾作为铜添加剂替代品的潜力分析
Comparative Effects of Copper Glycinate and Potassium Diformate on Immunity and Gut Microbiota of Pigs-Potential Analysis of Potassium Diformate as a Copper Additive Substitute.
摘要(中文译文)
铜补充剂是畜牧生产中重要的抗生素替代品，但其过量使用带来环境风险，因此需要更安全的替代物。二甲酸钾（KDF）作为一种有机酸盐，已显示出作为饲料添加剂的潜力，但其在无铜补充日粮中的效果仍不清楚。本研究比较了甘氨酸铜（Cu_Gly）和KDF对饲喂无铜补充基础日粮的断奶仔猪的影响。将四十五头梅山仔猪分配至对照组（基础日粮）、Cu_Gly组（基础日粮+60 mg/kg Cu_Gly）或KDF组（基础日粮+10 g/kg KDF）。KDF组的料重比（FCR）低于对照组。尽管平均日增重未见显著差异，但与对照组相比，KDF补充通过提高血浆IgG并降低IgM、IL-6和IL-1水平，显著增强了免疫功能。16S rRNA测序分析显示，对照组回肠和盲肠中富集了致病菌属（、 、 ）。Cu_Gly补充使回肠中 、 和 富集，而KDF增加了有益类群的丰度（回肠中 、 ；盲肠中 ）。相关性分析显示， 和 的丰度与IgG呈负相关，但与IgM和IL-6呈正相关。盲肠 （在KDF组中富集）与IL-1呈负相关。总之，KDF改善了饲料效率，并表现出优于Cu_Gly的免疫调节作用。Cu_Gly组中与金属耐受性相关的细菌富集提示了一种KDF不具有的潜在缺陷。因此，KDF是一种可行且可持续的铜补充剂替代品，兼具改善肠道健康、增强免疫力和降低环境风险的特点。
Abstract
Copper supplements are prominent antibiotic alternatives in livestock production, but their excessive use poses environmental risks, necessitating safer substitutes. Potassium diformate (KDF), an organic acid salt, has shown potential as a feed additive, yet its effectiveness in copper-unsupplemented diets remains unclear. This study compared the effects of copper glycinate (Cu_Gly) and KDF on weaned piglets fed a copper-unsupplemented basal diet. Forty-five Meishan piglets were allocated to a control group (basal diet), a Cu_Gly group (basal diet + 60 mg/kg Cu_Gly), or a KDF group (basal diet + 10 g/kg KDF). The KDF group exhibited a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control group. Although no significant differences in average daily gain were observed, KDF supplementation significantly enhanced immune function by increasing plasma IgG and decreasing IgM, IL-6, and IL-1 levels compared to the control. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the Control group was enriched with pathogenic genera (, , ) in the ileum and cecum. Cu_Gly supplementation enriched , , and the ileum, while KDF increased the abundance of beneficial taxa (, the ileum; in the cecum). Correlation analysis showed that the abundances of and were negatively correlated with IgG but positively correlated with IgM and IL-6. Cecal (enriched in the KDF group) was negatively correlated with IL-1. In summary, KDF improved feed efficiency and demonstrates superior immunomodulatory effects compared to Cu_Gly. The enrichment of bacteria linked to metal resistance in the Cu_Gly group suggested a potential drawback not associated with KDF. Therefore, KDF represented a viable and sustainable alternative to copper supplements, offering a combination of improved gut health, enhanced immunity, and a reduced environmental risk profile.
如何引用
AMA
Xueyuan Jiang, Hulong Lei, Yuan Mei, Peng Jia, Wen Yao, Dong Xia, et al. Comparative Effects of Copper Glycinate and Potassium Diformate on Immunity and Gut Microbiota of Pigs-Potential Analysis of Potassium Diformate as a Copper Additive Substitute.. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. 2026; doi:10.3390/ani16121889.
APA
Xueyuan Jiang, Hulong Lei, Yuan Mei, Peng Jia, Wen Yao, Dong Xia, et al (2026). Comparative Effects of Copper Glycinate and Potassium Diformate on Immunity and Gut Microbiota of Pigs-Potential Analysis of Potassium Diformate as a Copper Additive Substitute.. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16121889
GB/T 7714
Xueyuan Jiang, Hulong Lei, Yuan Mei, Peng Jia, Wen Yao, Dong Xia, et al. Comparative Effects of Copper Glycinate and Potassium Diformate on Immunity and Gut Microbiota of Pigs-Potential Analysis of Potassium Diformate as a Copper Additive Substitute.[J]. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026 doi:10.3390/ani16121889.
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