叶酸作为动物肠道稳态的关键调节因子：从代谢到微生物群及屏障功能
Folate as a Key Regulator of Animal Intestinal Homeostasis: From Metabolism to Microbiota and Barrier Function.
摘要(中文译文)
叶酸是一碳代谢的核心营养素，参与核苷酸生物合成、甲硫氨酸循环、甲基供体供应及表观遗传调控。在动物体内，肠道既是叶酸吸收的主要部位，也是叶酸作用的关键靶器官。本叙述性综述主要聚焦于家畜、家禽、水产养殖物种、反刍动物及动物源食品富集，同时以啮齿动物、人体及体外研究作为机制性或转化性证据。我们综合了关于叶酸吸收、转运和代谢的证据，并评估了叶酸影响肠道健康的机制。现有证据表明，充足的叶酸供应可能支持上皮更新、紧密连接完整性、黏膜免疫平衡、抗氧化能力、肠道微生物群稳定性、短链脂肪酸产生以及肠道发育的表观遗传调控。这些效应已在家禽、猪、鱼、反刍动物、啮齿动物及母胎模型中有所报道。然而，各物种间证据并不均衡，剂量-反应关系、叶酸形式、生物利用度及物种特异性需要量仍是将现有知识转化为动物生产的主要局限。未来研究应比较叶酸、5-甲基四氢叶酸、天然还原型叶酸、微生物群来源叶酸及产叶酸益生菌；量化微生物群来源叶酸对宿主甲基供体池的贡献；并开发将叶酸与其他一碳营养素、益生菌及产品富集技术相结合的精准策略。
Abstract
Folate is a central nutrient in one-carbon metabolism, contributing to nucleotide biosynthesis, methionine cycling, methyl-donor supply, and epigenetic regulation. In animals, the intestine is both a principal site of folate absorption and a key target organ for folate action. This narrative review focuses primarily on livestock, poultry, aquaculture species, ruminants, and animal-source food enrichment, while also using rodent, human, and in vitro studies as mechanistic or translational evidence. We synthesize evidence on folate absorption, transport, and metabolism and evaluate the mechanisms through which folate influences intestinal health. Available evidence suggests that adequate folate supply may support epithelial renewal, tight-junction integrity, mucosal immune balance, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota stability, short-chain fatty acid production, and epigenetic regulation of intestinal development. These effects have been reported in poultry, pigs, fish, ruminants, rodents, and maternal-offspring models. However, the evidence is uneven across species, and dose-response relationships, folate forms, bioavailability, and species-specific requirements remain major limitations for translating current knowledge into animal production. Future studies should compare folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, natural reduced folates, microbiota-derived folate, and folate-producing probiotics; quantify the contribution of microbiota-derived folate to host methyl-donor pools; and develop precision strategies that integrate folate with other one-carbon nutrients, probiotics, and product-enrichment technologies.
如何引用
AMA
Yi Zheng, Yecheng Xu, Xin Wen, Xi Qiao, Tianzhao Yao, Linlin Wei, et al. Folate as a Key Regulator of Animal Intestinal Homeostasis: From Metabolism to Microbiota and Barrier Function.. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. 2026; doi:10.3390/ani16111744.
APA
Yi Zheng, Yecheng Xu, Xin Wen, Xi Qiao, Tianzhao Yao, Linlin Wei, et al (2026). Folate as a Key Regulator of Animal Intestinal Homeostasis: From Metabolism to Microbiota and Barrier Function.. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16111744
GB/T 7714
Yi Zheng, Yecheng Xu, Xin Wen, Xi Qiao, Tianzhao Yao, Linlin Wei, et al. Folate as a Key Regulator of Animal Intestinal Homeostasis: From Metabolism to Microbiota and Barrier Function.[J]. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026 doi:10.3390/ani16111744.
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