中学生素食/纯素饮食的知识和应用条件：一项横断面研究

摘要(中文译文)

：随着素食和纯素饮食模式的日益流行，青少年对植物性饮食的认知正变得愈发重要。迄今为止，针对中学生对这些饮食的认知和理解水平及其影响因素的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在确定高中生中植物性饮食的流行率，评估其对这些饮食模式的认知水平，并识别与饮食依从性及获得充足营养知识相关的因素。：本研究对341名高中生进行了横断面调查。数据通过自填式纸质问卷收集，内容包括人口学信息、自我报告的体重和身高、植物性饮食依从性以及素食和纯素营养知识。营养知识采用结构化19项问卷（25个计分项）进行评估，并进行了信度验证（重测信度，Krippendorff's alpha = 0.88）。基于25分制，得分>60%（16-25分）被归类为“充足”知识。统计分析包括卡方检验、Mann-Whitney检验和Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验，以及多因素logistic回归以估计与充足知识相关因素的校正比值比（aOR）。：研究组中植物性饮食的流行率为16.1%（n = 55），在女学生和具有充足营养知识的学生中观察到显著更高的频率。大多数学生（81.2%）达到了充足知识水平。在女学生、较高年级学生以及坚持植物性饮食的个体中观察到更高的得分（P < 0.05）。多因素回归分析表明，男性（与女性相比aOR = 0.38）、较高年级（三年级与一年级相比aOR = 3.66；四年级与一年级相比aOR = 3.62）、居住在农村地区（aOR = 0.50）以及不坚持植物性饮食（aOR = 0.32）与充足知识独立相关。：大多数高中生对植物性饮食表现出充足的知识，且在性别、年级、居住地和植物性饮食经验方面存在显著差异。这些发现强调了针对性教育干预的必要性，尤其是在男学生、较低年级学生和居住在农村地区的个体中。

Abstract

: Knowledge of plant-based diets is gaining increasing significance in adolescents due to the growing popularity of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns. To date, there has been limited research examining the level of awareness and understanding of these diets among secondary school students, as well as the factors influencing their knowledge. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of plant-based diets and to assess knowledge regarding these dietary patterns among high school students, as well as to identify factors associated with both diet adherence and achieving sufficient nutritional knowledge. : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 341 high school students. Data were collected using a self-administered paper questionnaire that included demographic information, self-reported body weight and height, adherence to plant-based diets, and knowledge of vegetarian and vegan nutrition. Nutritional knowledge was assessed using a structured 19-item questionnaire (25 scorable items) and verified for reliability (test-retest, Krippendorff's alpha = 0.88). Based on a 25-point scale, a score of >60% (16-25 points) was categorized as 'sufficient' knowledge. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests, and multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for factors associated with sufficient knowledge. : The prevalence of plant-based diets in the study group was 16.1% ( = 55), with a significantly higher frequency observed among female students and those with sufficient nutritional knowledge. The majority of students (81.2%) achieved sufficient knowledge. Higher scores were observed among female students, those in higher grade levels, and those individuals adhering to plant-based diets ( < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that male sex (aOR = 0.38 compared to females), higher grade level (aOR = 3.66 for grade 3 vs. grade 1; aOR = 3.62 for grade 4 vs. grade 1), residence in a rural area (aOR = 0.50), and non-adherence to a plant-based diet (aOR = 0.32) were independently associated with sufficient knowledge. : The majority of high school students demonstrate sufficient knowledge regarding plant-based diets, with significant variations associated with sex, grade level, place of residence, and experience with plant-based diets. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions, particularly among male students, those in lower grade levels, and individuals residing in rural areas.

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