饮食失调相关电解质异常和不良后果：系统综述和荟萃分析
Eating disorder-related electrolyte abnormalities and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
摘要(中文译文)
本研究旨在描述电解质异常与不良临床结局之间的关联，并估计这些异常在进食障碍个体中的患病率。研究遵循系统评价与荟萃分析优先报告条目（PRISMA）2020指南，检索了Ovid MEDLINE、EMBASE和PsycINFO数据库自2000年1月至2025年2月的文献。纳入的研究对象为进食障碍个体中存在任何电解质异常或临床不良结局者。我们进行了两项荟萃分析，以评估：（1）与健康对照相比，确诊进食障碍者发生电解质异常的比值比；（2）不同进食障碍诊断中电解质异常的患病率。共分析20项研究，涵盖25,401名个体，大多数研究评估的是年轻女性人群。研究设计以回顾性队列研究（n=11）和横断面研究（n=5）为主，少数纳入了一般人群对照（n=4）。神经性厌食症是研究最多的进食障碍，低钾血症（n=13项研究）、低钠血症（n=11项研究）和低磷血症（n=7项研究）是最常报告的电解质异常。最常见的不良结局包括贫血（n=5项研究）和骨骼疾病（骨质疏松症、骨量减少；n=5项研究）。荟萃分析结果显示：（1）与对照相比，进食障碍个体发生电解质异常的比值比显著更高（OR=3.20，95% CI：1.48-6.94）；（2）各研究中电解质异常的合并患病率存在差异，包括低钾血症（15%）、低钠血症（13%）和低磷血症（17%）。电解质异常在进食障碍个体中较为常见，并与不良健康结局相关。本研究已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册平台（PROSPERO）注册（ID CRD42023477497）。
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the association between electrolyte abnormalities and adverse clinical outcomes, as well as to estimate the prevalence of these abnormalities in individuals with eating disorders. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020-compliant systematic review searching Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from January 2000 to February 2025 was conducted. We included studies with any electrolyte abnormality or clinical adverse outcome among individuals with eating disorders. We conducted two meta-analyses to assess (1) the odds of having an electrolyte abnormality among those with an eating disorder diagnosis compared to healthy controls, and (2) the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities across eating disorder diagnoses. 20 studies incorporating 25,401 individuals were analysed, with most assessing a young female population. Study designs were predominantly retrospective cohort (n = 11) and cross-sectional (n = 5), with few including general population controls (n = 4). Anorexia nervosa was the most common eating disorder studied, with hypokalemia (n = 13 studies), hyponatremia (n = 11 studies), and hypophosphatemia (n = 7 studies) being the most frequently reported electrolyte abnormalities. The most prevalent adverse outcomes included anemia (n = 5 studies) and skeletal conditions (osteoporosis, osteopenia; n = 5 studies). The results from the meta-analyses showed (1) that individuals with eating disorders had significantly higher odds of experiencing electrolyte abnormalities compared to controls (OR = 3.20, 95% CI:1.48-6.94), and (2) varying pooled prevalences of abnormalities, including hypokalemia (15%), hyponatremia (13%), and hypophosphatemia (17%), across studies. Electrolyte abnormalities are common among individuals with eating disorders and are associated with adverse health outcomes. The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - (ID CRD42023477497).
如何引用
AMA
Deena Fremont, Amos Buh, Claire Hoar-Stephens, Nandini Biyani, Rohan Kiska, Stephen G Fung, et al. Eating disorder-related electrolyte abnormalities and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. PloS one. 2026; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0349826.
APA
Deena Fremont, Amos Buh, Claire Hoar-Stephens, Nandini Biyani, Rohan Kiska, Stephen G Fung, et al (2026). Eating disorder-related electrolyte abnormalities and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0349826
GB/T 7714
Deena Fremont, Amos Buh, Claire Hoar-Stephens, Nandini Biyani, Rohan Kiska, Stephen G Fung, et al. Eating disorder-related electrolyte abnormalities and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.[J]. PloS one, 2026 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0349826.
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