副鸡瘟杆菌：发病机制和亚单位疫苗开发
{"_":": Pathogenesis Mechanisms and Subunit Vaccine Development.","i":["Avibacterium paragallinarum"]}
摘要(中文译文)
是鸡传染性鼻炎的主要病原体。感染常导致肉鸡生长迟缓，蛋鸡产蛋率下降10%，严重时可达40%以上。在集约化养殖条件下该问题尤为严重，显著威胁全球家禽健康与养殖经济效益。从“同一健康”视角来看，这不仅破坏了食品供应链的稳定性，还因疾病防控需要而增加抗生素使用，从而加剧抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），构成全球公共卫生挑战。本综述系统总结了该菌致病机制及亚单位疫苗诱导的保护性免疫方面的研究进展，重点阐述该菌的感染机制，强调其在鸡眶下窦和鼻上皮中的定植策略，并分析血凝素和荚膜等关键毒力因子在黏附、定植和免疫逃逸中的作用。我们将该菌的组织特异性致病机制与呼吸道共生菌群在促进感染中的作用相结合，深入分析该菌的关键免疫逃逸策略，从而为宿主-病原体-微生物组相互作用提供新的见解。同时，据我们所知，本综述首次全面概述了亚单位疫苗及其免疫保护特性的研究现状，特别关注其在诱导黏膜免疫应答方面的局限性。通过深入探讨病原体-宿主相互作用机制，本综述旨在为亚单位疫苗设计和免疫策略的优化提供参考，最终为对该菌的精准防控奠定理论基础和实践框架。
Abstract
() is the primary causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens. Infection often leads to growth retardation in broilers and a 10% reduction in egg production, reaching over 40% in laying hens. The problem is particularly severe under intensive farming conditions, significantly jeopardizing global poultry health and farming profitability. From a 'One Health' perspective, this not only disrupts the stability of the food supply chain, but also increases antibiotic usage due to disease prevention and control needs, thereby aggravating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and posing a global public health challenge. This review systematically summarizes advances in the pathogenesis of and the protective immunity induced by subunit vaccines. It focuses on the infection mechanisms of , emphasizing its colonization strategies in the infraorbital sinus and nasal epithelium of chickens, and analyzes the roles of key virulence factors such as hemagglutinin and capsule in adhesion, colonization, and immune evasion. We integrate the tissue-specific pathogenesis of with the role of respiratory commensal microbiota in facilitating infection, providing an in-depth analysis of the bacterium's key immune evasion strategies, thus offering novel insights into host-pathogen-microbiome interactions. Concurrently, to the best of our knowledge, this review provides the first comprehensive overview of current developments in subunit vaccines and their immunoprotective properties, with special attention to limitations in eliciting mucosal immune responses. By delving into the pathogen-host interaction mechanisms, this review aims to inform the optimization of subunit vaccine design and immunization strategies. Ultimately, it seeks to establish a theoretical basis and practical framework for precise control of .
如何引用
AMA
Zhihua Li, Ying Liu, Zhenyi Liu, Zhaoling Jiang, Yawen Wang, Baozhu Xing, et al. {"_":": Pathogenesis Mechanisms and Subunit Vaccine Development.","i":["Avibacterium paragallinarum"]}. Microorganisms. 2026; doi:10.3390/microorganisms14051093.
APA
Zhihua Li, Ying Liu, Zhenyi Liu, Zhaoling Jiang, Yawen Wang, Baozhu Xing, et al (2026). {"_":": Pathogenesis Mechanisms and Subunit Vaccine Development.","i":["Avibacterium paragallinarum"]}. Microorganisms. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14051093
GB/T 7714
Zhihua Li, Ying Liu, Zhenyi Liu, Zhaoling Jiang, Yawen Wang, Baozhu Xing, et al. {"_":": Pathogenesis Mechanisms and Subunit Vaccine Development.","i":["Avibacterium paragallinarum"]}[J]. Microorganisms, 2026 doi:10.3390/microorganisms14051093.
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