尼日利亚东南部家禽和农场工人中非伤寒沙门氏菌的血清型、遗传相关性和耐药性

摘要(中文译文)

非伤寒沙门菌（NTS）是一种重要的家禽相关病原体，具有重大的“同一健康”和经济影响，但尼日利亚关于其流行病学和抗菌药物耐药性的数据仍然有限。本研究调查了尼日利亚东南部埃努古州家禽生产链中NTS的流行率、血清型分布、克隆相关性及抗菌药物耐药性。共采集2400份样本，包括鸡的粪便（盲肠内容物）/泄殖腔拭子（n=1100）、鸡蛋（n=400）、鸡肉（n=600）以及家禽从业人员的粪便样本（n=300）。采用标准细菌学方法进行分离和鉴定，并通过血清分型和针对基因的聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行确认。使用肠杆菌科重复基因间共识序列（ERIC）-PCR评估遗传相关性，采用纸片扩散法测定抗菌药物敏感性。总体而言，从2400份样本中分离出47株（2.0%）NTS分离株，其中鸡蛋的流行率最高（3.5%），其次为人粪便（3.3%）、鸡肉（1.8%）和鸡粪便（1.1%）。在297个采样农场中，仅35个（11.8%）为NTS阳性，且不同样本来源的分离率差异有统计学意义（P=0.0065）。共鉴定出5种血清型，以鼠伤寒沙门菌（57.4%）为主，其次为肠炎沙门菌（14.9%）、鸭沙门菌（12.8%）、斯坦利沙门菌（8.5%）和阿戈纳沙门菌（6.3%）。ERIC-PCR显示存在多个克隆簇，其中许多包含来自混合来源的分离株，表明相关菌株在家禽与人类之间循环传播。所有分离株均对氨苄西林耐药，对四环素（76.6%）、磺胺甲噁唑-甲氧苄啶（51.1%）和氟喹诺酮类药物具有高度耐药性。总体而言，80.9%的分离株为多重耐药，平均多重抗生素耐药指数为0.29，以鸡粪便分离株最高。尽管NTS的流行率较低，但整个生产链中存在遗传相关的多重耐药菌株，凸显了家禽作为人兽共患传播储存库的作用，并强调了尼日利亚开展协调一致的“同一健康”监测和抗菌药物管理策略的必要性。

Abstract

Non-typhoidal (NTS) is an important poultry-associated pathogen with major One Health and economic impacts, but data on its epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria remain limited. This study investigated the prevalence, serovar distribution, clonal relatedness, and antimicrobial resistance of NTS along the poultry production chain in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria. A total of 2400 samples were collected, comprising feces (cecal content)/cloacal swabs from chickens ( = 1100), eggs ( = 400), chicken meat ( = 600), and stool samples from poultry workers ( = 300). Isolation and identification were performed using standard bacteriological methods, with confirmation by serotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene. Genetic relatedness was assessed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method. Overall, 47 (2.0%) isolates were recovered from 2400 samples, with the highest prevalence observed in eggs (3.5%), followed by human stool (3.3%), chicken meat (1.8%), and chicken feces (1.1%). Only 35 (11.8%) of the 297 sampled farms were positive for , and recovery rates differed significantly ( = 0.0065) among sample sources. Five serotypes were identified, dominated by Typhimurium (57.4%), followed by Enteritidis (14.9%), Anatum (12.8%), Stanley (8.5%), and Agona (6.3%). ERIC-PCR revealed multiple clonal clusters, many containing isolates from mixed sources, indicating circulation of related strains between poultry and humans. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, with high resistance to tetracycline (76.6%), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (51.1%), and fluoroquinolones. Overall, 80.9% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, with a mean Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index of 0.29, highest among isolates from chicken feces. Although the prevalence of NTS was low, the presence of genetically related multidrug-resistant strains across the production chain underscores the role of poultry as a reservoir for zoonotic transmission and highlights the need for coordinated One Health surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship strategies in Nigeria.

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