2005年至2025年椎间盘退变巨噬细胞相关研究的全球趋势和热点：文献计量和可视化分析

摘要(中文译文)

巨噬细胞介导的免疫微环境失衡是椎间盘退变（IVDD）发病机制的关键环节。因此，靶向巨噬细胞极化以重塑退变微环境并促进组织修复已成为主要研究热点。然而，该交叉领域的系统性文献计量学分析仍然匮乏。本研究采用文献计量学方法，阐明巨噬细胞参与IVDD研究的现状、知识基础和研究前沿，为新型免疫疗法的开发提供定量数据支持。我们从WoSCC和Scopus数据库中检索了2005年至2025年间发表的探讨巨噬细胞在IVDD中作用的文献。经去重和数据标准化处理后，共纳入550篇文献。我们采用CiteSpace、VOSviewer和R包“bibliometrix”对贡献国家、机构、期刊和作者进行可视化分析。此外，我们绘制了关键词共现和引文突现网络，以定量评估演化趋势和研究热点。自2021年以来，该领域发文量显著激增。中国和美国是主要贡献者，但跨国合作网络仍然有限。……和……是推动该学科发展的核心期刊。关键词聚类揭示了五个主要研究领域：病理机制、细胞外基质调控、组织再生、多组学和临床诊断。此外，引文突现分析确定“单细胞测序”、“氧化应激”、“可注射水凝胶”和“组织再生”为当前研究核心。IVDD研究经历了关键的范式转变，从传统形态学观察转向精准免疫代谢干预。目前，研究前沿聚焦于整合高分辨率单细胞转录组学与先进纳米级递送系统（如脂质纳米颗粒和功能化水凝胶），以主动重编程巨噬细胞表型。最终，本研究提供了一个稳健的定量框架，用以指导针对椎间盘源性疼痛的靶向非手术免疫疗法和再生策略的临床开发。

Abstract

Macrophage-mediated imbalances in the immune microenvironment are critical to the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Consequently, targeting macrophage polarization to remodel the degenerative microenvironment and promote tissue repair has emerged as a major research hotspot. However, systematic bibliometric analyses of this interdisciplinary field remain scarce. This study utilizes bibliometric methods to elucidate the current landscape, intellectual base, and research frontiers of macrophage involvement in IVDD, providing quantitative data to support the development of novel immunotherapies. We retrieved literature investigating the role of macrophages in IVDD, published between 2005 and 2025, from the WoSCC and Scopus databases. Following deduplication and data standardization, 550 publications were included. We employed CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "bibliometrix" to conduct visual analyses of contributing countries, institutions, journals, and authors. Additionally, we mapped keyword co-occurrence and citation burst networks to quantitatively evaluate evolutionary trends and research hotspots. Publications in this field have surged significantly since 2021. China and USA are the primary contributors, although multinational collaborative networks remain limited. and represent the core journals driving this discipline. Keyword clustering reveals five primary research domains: pathological mechanisms, ECM regulation, tissue regeneration, multi-omics, and clinical diagnostics. Furthermore, citation burst analyses identify "single-cell sequencing," "oxidative stress," "injectable hydrogels," and "tissue regeneration" as current research epicenters. IVDD research has undergone a critical paradigm shift, transitioning from traditional morphological observation to precision immunometabolic intervention. Currently, the research frontier focuses on integrating high resolution single cell transcriptomics with advanced nanoscale delivery systems, such as lipid nanoparticles and functionalized hydrogels, to proactively reprogram macrophage phenotypes. Ultimately, this study provides a robust quantitative framework to guide the clinical development of targeted nonsurgical immunotherapies and regenerative strategies for discogenic pain.

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