人干扰素-ω：一种被低估的I型干扰素
Human interferon-ω: an underappreciated type I interferon.
摘要(中文译文)
干扰素-ω（IFN-ω）是人I型干扰素家族的成员，长期以来一直被IFN-α和IFN-β所掩盖。近期人类“自然扰动”现象，尤其是危及生命的病毒感染中自身抗体对IFN-ω的选择性中和，重新激发了人们对这一相对研究不足的细胞因子的兴趣，并提示其抗病毒活性在特定临床情境下可能并不总能得到充分代偿。这一重新关注促使人们重新审视其单基因组织形式、独特的抗原性、中间型受体结合动力学、细胞来源及调控机制。与此同时，以胸腺为中心的耐受性疾病，包括自身免疫调节因子（）缺陷、其他先天性免疫耐受错误以及获得性“胸腺病态”状态，使抗IFN-ω自身抗体成为一种稳定的、高外显率的免疫表型，将耐受失败与持久的细胞因子定向自身免疫联系起来。除抗病毒防御外，狼疮谱系疾病的多组学研究提示，在更广泛的I型干扰素程序中存在组织和区室特异性的IFN-ω信号，然而内源性IFN-ω仍很少以配体水平的分辨率被定量。本综述整合了从分子调控到人类疾病的IFN-ω现有知识。进一步进展将需要亚型分辨的测量、在匹配条件下与其他I型干扰素的直接比较，以及检验罕见变异是否导致严重病毒性疾病的人类遗传学研究。
Abstract
Interferon-ω (IFN-ω) is a member of the human type I interferon family that has historically been overshadowed by IFN-α and IFN-β. Recent human "natural perturbations", most notably selective neutralization of IFN-ω by autoantibodies in life-threatening viral infections, have renewed interest in this comparatively understudied cytokine and indicate that its antiviral activity may not always be fully compensated in defined clinical settings. This renewed focus has prompted reassessment of its single-gene organization, distinct antigenicity, intermediate receptor-binding kinetics, cellular sources, and regulatory mechanisms. In parallel, thymus-centered tolerance disorders, including autoimmune regulator () deficiency, additional inborn errors of immune tolerance, and acquired "sick thymus" states, establish anti-IFN-ω autoantibodies as a stable, high-penetrance immunophenotype linking tolerance failure to durable cytokine-directed autoimmunity. Beyond antiviral defense, multi-omic studies in lupus-spectrum disease suggest tissue- and compartment-specific IFN-ω signals within broader type I interferon programs, yet endogenous IFN-ω remains rarely quantified with ligand-level resolution. This Review integrates current knowledge of IFN-ω from molecular regulation to human disease. Further progress will require subtype-resolved measurement, direct comparison with other type I interferons under matched conditions, and human genetic studies testing whether rare variants contribute to severe viral disease.
如何引用
AMA
Ruyue Chen. Human interferon-ω: an underappreciated type I interferon.. Frontiers in immunology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1891351.
APA
Ruyue Chen (2026). Human interferon-ω: an underappreciated type I interferon.. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1891351
GB/T 7714
Ruyue Chen. Human interferon-ω: an underappreciated type I interferon.[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1891351.
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