天然多糖作为代谢性疾病中的免疫代谢调节剂：机制与转化挑战
Natural polysaccharides as immunometabolic modulators in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and translational challenges.
摘要(中文译文)
代谢性疾病，尤其是肥胖、2型糖尿病和代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病，日益普遍，给公共卫生系统带来了越来越大的负担。这些疾病通常与胰岛素抵抗和脂质代谢异常相关，越来越多的证据表明免疫失衡和慢性低度炎症参与了其发生发展。天然多糖是来源于植物、真菌、藻类及其他天然来源的重要生物活性成分。目前支持其在代谢性疾病中有益作用的证据主要为临床前研究，主要来自细胞和动物研究，而临床证据仍然有限且异质性较大。天然多糖作为候选生物活性化合物受到关注，因为一些制剂在实验模型中已显示出免疫调节和代谢调节活性。其活性与结构特征密切相关，包括单糖组成、糖苷键类型、分子量、分支结构和化学修饰。目前的临床前证据提示，天然多糖可能通过调节巨噬细胞极化、抑制促炎细胞因子产生、调控MAPK、NF-κB、AMPK及相关信号通路以及重塑肠道菌群-免疫轴来减轻代谢性炎症。这些化合物可能有助于改善代谢性疾病的若干病理特征，如胰岛素抵抗、脂质代谢异常、炎症性损伤和组织功能障碍。然而，仍有若干挑战限制其转化应用，包括构效关系不明确、制备标准不一致、生物利用度有限以及设计良好的临床试验不足。因此，本综述概述了天然多糖的天然来源、结构特性、免疫调节作用及其在代谢性疾病中的治疗前景，重点关注其参与免疫调节和代谢性炎症的情况。
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, are becoming increasingly prevalent and have imposed a growing burden on public health systems. These diseases are commonly associated with insulin resistance and abnormal lipid metabolism, and increasing evidence indicates that immune imbalance and chronic low-grade inflammation are involved in their development. Natural polysaccharides are important bioactive components derived from plants, fungi, algae, and other natural sources. Current evidence supporting their beneficial effects in metabolic diseases is predominantly preclinical, mainly from cell-based and animal studies, while clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Natural polysaccharides have attracted interest as candidate bioactive compounds because some preparations have shown immunomodulatory and metabolic regulatory activities in experimental models. Their activities are closely related to structural features, including monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage types, molecular weight, branching structure, and chemical modification. Current preclinical evidence suggests that natural polysaccharides may alleviate metabolic inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, modulating MAPK, NF-κB, AMPK, and related signaling pathways, and reshaping the gut microbiota-immune axis. These compounds may help improve several pathological features of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammatory injury, and tissue dysfunction. However, several challenges still limit their translation, including unclear structure-activity relationships, inconsistent preparation standards, limited bioavailability, and insufficient well-designed clinical trials. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the natural sources, structural properties, immunomodulatory actions, and therapeutic prospects of natural polysaccharides in metabolic diseases, with a focus on their involvement in immune regulation and metabolic inflammation.
如何引用
AMA
Qiqi Wang, Lian Zhu, Fangfang He, Tongwei Zhu, Yuqing Tang, Chanjuan Chen, et al. Natural polysaccharides as immunometabolic modulators in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and translational challenges.. Frontiers in immunology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1903979.
APA
Qiqi Wang, Lian Zhu, Fangfang He, Tongwei Zhu, Yuqing Tang, Chanjuan Chen, et al (2026). Natural polysaccharides as immunometabolic modulators in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and translational challenges.. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1903979
GB/T 7714
Qiqi Wang, Lian Zhu, Fangfang He, Tongwei Zhu, Yuqing Tang, Chanjuan Chen, et al. Natural polysaccharides as immunometabolic modulators in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and translational challenges.[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1903979.
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