气道上皮免疫轴：机制和治疗意义
The airway epithelial-immune axis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
摘要(中文译文)
气道上皮日益被认为不仅是物理屏障，更是黏膜免疫的核心主动调节者。本综述全面总结了气道上皮-免疫轴的结构与功能基础及其在慢性呼吸系统疾病中的关键作用。暴露于环境过敏原、污染物及呼吸道病原体会破坏上皮紧密连接，并触发关键警报素（alarmins）的快速释放，包括TSLP、IL-33和IL-25。这些上皮来源的细胞因子参与上皮-免疫互作回路，驱动与固有免疫（ILC2s）和适应性免疫（Th2细胞）网络的广泛交互，建立自我维持的炎症循环。这种上皮功能障碍可作为哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）及上气道炎症性疾病发病机制中的重要驱动因素和放大因素。因此，靶向该轴已成为一种有前景的治疗策略，研究重点转向警报素中和生物制剂、上游受体抑制及屏障修复。此外，我们重点阐述了新兴技术——如单细胞RNA测序、空间转录组学、类器官模型及多组学整合——如何解码细胞异质性和空间微环境，最终为呼吸医学中的精准医学和长期疾病修饰治疗铺平道路。
Abstract
The airway epithelium is increasingly recognized not merely as a physical barrier, but as a central, active regulator of mucosal immunity. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural and functional basis of the airway epithelial-immune axis and its critical role in chronic respiratory diseases. Exposure to environmental allergens, pollutants, and respiratory pathogens disrupts epithelial tight junctions and triggers the rapid release of key alarmins, including TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. These epithelial-derived cytokines participate in reciprocal epithelial-immune circuits, driving extensive crosstalk with both innate (ILC2s) and adaptive (Th2 cells) immune networks to establish self-perpetuating inflammatory loops. Such epithelial dysfunction can act as an important driver and amplifier in the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper airway inflammatory disorders. Consequently, targeting this axis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, shifting the focus toward alarmin-neutralizing biologics, upstream receptor inhibition, and barrier restoration. Furthermore, we highlight how emerging technologies-such as single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, organoid models, and multi-omics integration-are decoding cellular heterogeneity and spatial niches, ultimately paving the way for precision medicine and long-term disease-modifying therapies in respiratory medicine.
如何引用
AMA
Zhengyi Zhu, Qiang Li, Binjian Hua. The airway epithelial-immune axis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.. Frontiers in immunology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1891760.
APA
Zhengyi Zhu, Qiang Li, Binjian Hua (2026). The airway epithelial-immune axis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1891760
GB/T 7714
Zhengyi Zhu, Qiang Li, Binjian Hua. The airway epithelial-immune axis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1891760.
在 PubMed增强版 阅读全文
翻译全文 · AI 文献问答 · PDF 原文下载 · 引用导出