AIRE转录缩合物在中枢耐受中的作用：多尺度机制视角
AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective.
摘要(中文译文)
自身免疫调节因子（Autoimmune regulator, AIRE）使髓质胸腺上皮细胞（medullary thymic epithelial cells, mTECs）能够表达广泛但具有选择性的组织限制性抗原（tissue-restricted antigens, TRAs）库，从而支持中枢T细胞耐受。近期研究表明，AIRE形成转录活跃的凝聚体（condensates），这为理解TRA诱导过程中染色质识别、增强子相关辅因子募集、三维基因组组织和转录延伸如何协调提供了框架。据此观点，稀疏的TRA表达反映了特定基因座达到允许性染色质和辅因子状态的概率较低，而高产出可能源于激活后AIRE、P-TEFb、Mediator相关共激活因子及延伸机器在局部的富集。本文还讨论了胸腺模拟细胞、人类胸腺空间组织及外周RORγt相关抗原呈递细胞的相关研究发现，并特别关注目前缺乏mTECs之外存在类mTEC AIRE凝聚体机制的直接证据。总之，这些研究将AIRE凝聚体置于染色质门控、转录动力学和mTEC状态多样性的更广泛调控图景之中。
Abstract
Autoimmune regulator () enables medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) to express a broad but selective repertoire of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs), thereby supporting central T-cell tolerance. Recent studies showing that forms transcriptionally active condensates provide a framework for understanding how chromatin recognition, enhancer-associated cofactor recruitment, three-dimensional genome organization and transcriptional elongation are coordinated during TRA induction. In this view, sparse TRA expression reflects the low probability that a given locus reaches a permissive chromatin and cofactor state, whereas high output may result from local enrichment of , P-TEFb, Mediator-associated co-activators and elongation machinery after activation. Recent findings on thymic mimetic cells, human thymic spatial organization and peripheral RORγt-associated antigen-presenting cells are discussed as related contexts, with particular attention to the current lack of direct evidence for mTEC-like condensate mechanisms outside mTECs. Together, these studies place condensates within a broader regulatory landscape of chromatin gating, transcriptional kinetics and mTEC state diversity.
如何引用
AMA
Jiejie He, Weiwei Xue, Jun Zhang, Yan Li. AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective.. Frontiers in immunology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1859704.
APA
Jiejie He, Weiwei Xue, Jun Zhang, Yan Li (2026). AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective.. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1859704
GB/T 7714
Jiejie He, Weiwei Xue, Jun Zhang, Yan Li. AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective.[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1859704.
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