碱性水对健康的益处：这是事实还是营销神话？
The health benefits of alkaline water: is it a fact or marketing myth?
摘要(中文译文)
碱性水已广泛流行，并常被宣传具有与补水、酸碱平衡、代谢健康和免疫功能相关的益处。这些说法在初级保健中越来越常见，但其临床有效性仍不确定。旨在批判性评估关于碱性水的现有证据，重点关注其在常规患者护理中的生理效应、临床相关性和安全性。采用叙述性文献综述方法，纳入人体临床研究、实验性干预和动物模型。考察的结局包括胃肠道健康、水合状态、骨代谢、代谢参数、氧化应激和免疫功能。证据表明，碱性水提供的益处有限且具有情境特异性。最一致的发现与胃肠道效应相关，尤其是胃蛋白酶失活和反流相关症状的潜在改善。已有报道其对水合标志物、尿液pH值及部分骨吸收指标具有适度影响，尤其是在富含碳酸氢盐的配方中。相比之下，支持代谢、抗氧化和免疫益处的证据不一致，且大多来自小型研究或临床前研究。关于全身碱化、增强免疫力、抗衰老和预防疾病的说法缺乏强有力的临床证据支持。不应在初级保健中常规推荐碱性水。临床医生应强调循证干预措施，并在脆弱人群中谨慎行事，包括慢性肾病患者、接受抑酸治疗者、孕妇和儿童。碱性水的临床实用性有限。其效应适度，且可能更多由矿物质成分而非单纯pH值所驱动。在作出明确推荐之前，需要进一步开展设计良好的长期研究。
Abstract
Alkaline water has gained widespread popularity and is frequently marketed for benefits related to hydration, acid-base balance, metabolic health, and immune function. These claims are increasingly encountered in primary care, yet their clinical validity remains uncertain. To critically evaluate current evidence on alkaline water, focusing on its physiological effects, clinical relevance, and safety in routine patient care. A narrative review of the literature was conducted, including human clinical studies, experimental interventions, and animal models. Outcomes examined included gastrointestinal health, hydration status, bone metabolism, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and immune function. Evidence suggests that alkaline water provides limited, context-specific benefits. The most consistent findings relate to gastrointestinal effects, particularly pepsin inactivation and potential improvement in reflux-related symptoms. Modest effects on hydration markers, urinary pH, and selected indicators of bone resorption have been reported, especially with bicarbonate-rich formulations. In contrast, evidence supporting metabolic, antioxidant, and immunological benefits is inconsistent and largely derived from small or preclinical studies. Claims of systemic alkalinization, enhanced immunity, anti-aging, and disease prevention are not supported by robust clinical evidence. Alkaline water should not be routinely recommended in primary care. Clinicians should emphasize evidence-based interventions and exercise caution in vulnerable populations, including individuals with chronic kidney disease, those on acid-suppressive therapy, pregnant women, and children. Alkaline water has limited clinical utility. Its effects are modest and likely driven more by mineral composition than pH alone. Further well-designed, long-term studies are required before definitive recommendations can be made.
如何引用
AMA
Hassan Alebrahim, Adnan Alsaei, Peter Sefen, Mohammed Hasan, Abdulmuhsen Ramadhan, G Roshan Deen. The health benefits of alkaline water: is it a fact or marketing myth?. Frontiers in medicine. 2026; doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1849818.
APA
Hassan Alebrahim, Adnan Alsaei, Peter Sefen, Mohammed Hasan, Abdulmuhsen Ramadhan, G Roshan Deen (2026). The health benefits of alkaline water: is it a fact or marketing myth?. Frontiers in medicine. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1849818
GB/T 7714
Hassan Alebrahim, Adnan Alsaei, Peter Sefen, Mohammed Hasan, Abdulmuhsen Ramadhan, G Roshan Deen. The health benefits of alkaline water: is it a fact or marketing myth?[J]. Frontiers in medicine, 2026 doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1849818.
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