2型糖尿病微血管并发症发病机制中的晚期糖基化终末产物和遗传多态性：一项叙述性综述
Advanced Glycation End Products and Genetic Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.
摘要(中文译文)
2型糖尿病患者常出现微血管并发症，包括糖尿病视网膜病变、肾病和神经病变。尽管降糖治疗不断进步，这些并发症在全球范围内仍构成显著的临床和经济负担。其发病机制受基因多态性和晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）的影响。慢性代谢应激通过氧化性和非酶促糖化作用导致AGEs形成。AGEs与AGE受体（RAGE）结合，主动引起微血管损伤。这一过程通过内皮功能障碍、氧化应激放大、蛋白质交联和炎症激活而发生。控制AGE生成、AGE-RAGE信号传导、氧化应激反应、内皮一氧化氮生物利用度及细胞外基质重塑的基因影响个体对AGE介导微血管损伤的易感性。AGE负荷升高和基因多态性影响代谢记忆、微血管损伤和氧化还原信号传导。本综述概述了涉及AGEs、基因多态性和微血管并发症的分子机制。了解AGE生物学和遗传风险分析可支持糖尿病微血管并发症的管理，并促进超越传统以血糖为中心框架的个性化医疗和预防策略。
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often experience microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Despite advances in glucose-lowering treatments, these complications remain a significant clinical and financial burden worldwide. Their pathogenesis is influenced by genetic polymorphism and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Chronic metabolic stress leads to the formation of AGEs via oxidative and nonenzymatic glycation. AGEs bind to the AGE receptor (RAGE) and actively cause microvascular damage. This occurs through endothelial dysfunction, amplification of oxidative stress, protein cross-linking, and inflammatory activation. Genes controlling AGE production, AGE-RAGE signaling, oxidative stress responses, endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, and extracellular matrix remodeling affect individual susceptibility to AGE-mediated microvascular damage. Elevated AGE load and genetic polymorphisms influence metabolic memory, microvascular injury, and redox signaling. This review article outlines the molecular mechanisms involving AGEs, genetic polymorphisms, and microvascular complications. Understanding AGE biology and genetic risk analysis could support management of diabetic microvascular complications and foster personalized medicine and preventive approaches beyond traditional glucose-centric frameworks.
如何引用
AMA
Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Sweta Singh, Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Amrita Satpathy. Advanced Glycation End Products and Genetic Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.. Cureus. 2026; doi:10.7759/cureus.109935.
APA
Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Sweta Singh, Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Amrita Satpathy (2026). Advanced Glycation End Products and Genetic Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.109935
GB/T 7714
Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Sweta Singh, Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Amrita Satpathy. Advanced Glycation End Products and Genetic Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.[J]. Cureus, 2026 doi:10.7759/cureus.109935.
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