越南新冠肺炎和2型糖尿病住院患者的临床特征和结果：回顾性研究

摘要(中文译文)

为描述越南COVID-19合并糖尿病住院患者的临床特征和结局，于2021年6月至2022年9月在越南胡志明市三级医疗中心热带病医院开展了一项回顾性描述性研究。该研究纳入154例COVID-19合并糖尿病患者。平均年龄为65岁，女性占研究人群的64.3%。有既往COVID-19疫苗接种记录者占39.6%。入院前平均病程为5±3天（范围为1至15天）。入院时，71.8%的患者需要氧疗支持。最常见的临床表现是咳嗽、呼吸困难和发热，而胸痛和腹泻较少见。常见的院内并发症包括细胞因子风暴、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、脓毒症、脓毒性休克、呼吸机相关性肺炎和尿路感染。较少见的并发症为酮症酸中毒、高渗高血糖状态和心肌梗死。大多数患者既往已诊断为糖尿病，而14.3%的患者是在住院期间根据糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）新诊断的。平均住院时间为16±10天（范围为2至71天），死亡率为20%。COVID-19合并糖尿病的住院患者具有相当大的临床负担，表现为频繁需要氧疗、严重并发症、住院时间延长以及相当高的死亡率。这些发现强调了对这一高危人群进行密切监测和仔细代谢管理的必要性。

Abstract

To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus in Vietnam. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out from June 2021 to September 2022 at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, a tertiary care center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study included 154 patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. The mean age was 65 years, and women accounted for 64.3% of the study population. Prior COVID-19 vaccination was documented in 39.6% of patients. The mean duration of illness before hospitalization was 5 ± 3 days (range, one to 15 days). At admission, 71.8% of patients required oxygen support. The most common clinical manifestations were cough, dyspnea, and fever, while chest pain and diarrhea were less frequently observed. Common in-hospital complications included cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, septic shock, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Less frequent complications were ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and myocardial infarction. Most patients had a previous diagnosis of diabetes, whereas 14.3% were newly diagnosed during hospitalization on the basis of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The mean length of hospital stay was 16 ± 10 days (range, two to 71 days), and the mortality rate was 20%. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus had a substantial clinical burden, reflected by frequent oxygen requirements, severe complications, prolonged hospitalization, and considerable mortality. These findings underscore the need for close monitoring and careful metabolic management in this high-risk population.

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