探索GenAI对高等教育学习成果的影响：一项三级荟萃分析
Exploring the effect of GenAI on learning outcomes in higher education: a three-level meta-analysis.
摘要(中文译文)
随着生成式人工智能（GenAI）日益融入高等教育，需要更清晰地认识其对学生学习的影响。本研究对36项实证研究进行了三层元分析，综合了来自7229名参与者的132个效应量。学习结果采用学习结果主题组（LOTG）框架进行分类，并考察了七个研究层面的调节变量。结果表明，GenAI对学习结果具有显著的中等总体效应（= 0.499）。在理解、认知与创造性结果（= 0.669）以及高阶学习（= 0.504）方面发现了更强的效应，而在倾向（= 0.452）和成就（= 0.363）方面为中等效应。对于使用以及成员资格/包容/自我价值结果类别的证据不足。教学方法是唯一显著的调节变量，其中协作学习（= 1.026）和混合学习（= 0.633）产生了最强的效应，而其他调节变量未显示出显著影响。这些发现表明，当GenAI嵌入互动式和协作式教学法时最为有效。本研究引入了GenAI-学习对齐视角，并概述了对教学设计、评估实践和教师专业发展的启示。
Abstract
As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes increasingly integrated into higher education, greater clarity is needed regarding its impact on student learning. This study conducted a three-level meta-analysis of 36 empirical studies, synthesizing 132 effect sizes from 7,229 participants. Learning outcomes were classified using the Learning Outcomes Thematic Group (LOTG) framework, and seven study-level moderators were examined. The results indicate a significant medium overall effect of GenAI on learning outcomes ( = 0.499). Stronger effects were found for understanding, cognitive and creative outcomes ( = 0.669) and higher-order learning ( = 0.504), with moderate effects for dispositions ( = 0.452) and attainments ( = 0.363). Evidence was insufficient for the Using and Membership/inclusion/self-worth outcome categories. Teaching method was the only significant moderator, with collaborative learning ( = 1.026) and blended learning ( = 0.633) yielding the strongest effects, while other moderators showed no significant influence. These findings suggest that GenAI is most effective when embedded in interactive and collaborative pedagogies. The study introduces a GenAI-Learning Alignment Perspective and outlines implications for instructional design, assessment practices, and teacher professional development.
如何引用
AMA
Changxin Fan, Lele Ke, Zexiong Chen, Pin Lv. Exploring the effect of GenAI on learning outcomes in higher education: a three-level meta-analysis.. Frontiers in psychology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1758670.
APA
Changxin Fan, Lele Ke, Zexiong Chen, Pin Lv (2026). Exploring the effect of GenAI on learning outcomes in higher education: a three-level meta-analysis.. Frontiers in psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1758670
GB/T 7714
Changxin Fan, Lele Ke, Zexiong Chen, Pin Lv. Exploring the effect of GenAI on learning outcomes in higher education: a three-level meta-analysis.[J]. Frontiers in psychology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1758670.
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