养老院适老化居住空间的具体设计策略：基于同理心地图-KANO-AHP-PUGH的集成模型方法

摘要(中文译文)

为应对老龄化社会中老年人在休息方面面临的挑战，本研究探讨了养老院适老化居住空间的设计特征，旨在缓解因休息困难而产生的心理压力，提升居家照护老年人的生活质量。首先，通过访谈结合同理心地图（Empathy Map）识别显性和隐性需求。其次，应用KANO模型对需求进行分类，明确设计优化方向。随后，采用层次分析法（AHP）构建评价指标体系，确定各项需求的权重与优先级排序。最后，运用PUGH决策矩阵对多个设计方案进行比较评估，筛选出最优方案。将研究成果应用于养老院居住空间的实践设计。利用同理心地图、KANO模型、AHP方法和PUGH决策矩阵，设计出满足老年人生理与心理需求的适老化居住空间。将KANO模型与AHP层次分析法相结合，能够精准识别用户需求，同时减少主观臆断。PUGH决策矩阵可生成最优设计方案，为适老化居住空间设计提供指导。本研究初步提出了一种集成化决策支持框架，通过结构化流程开展需求分析与方案筛选，可为老年人居住空间的优化提供参考。尚需通过使用后评估和用户测试进行进一步验证。

Abstract

To address the challenges older adults face in resting within an aging society, this study explores the design characteristics of age-friendly residential spaces in nursing homes. The goal is to alleviate psychological stress stemming from rest difficulties and enhance the quality of life for seniors receiving home-based care. First, explicit and implicit needs were identified through interviews combined with Empathy Maps. Next, the KANO model was applied to classify these needs and clarify design optimization directions. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to construct an evaluation index system, determining the weighting and priority ranking of each need. Finally, the PUGH decision matrix was employed to compare and evaluate multiple design proposals, selecting the optimal solution. Applying research findings to the practical design of residential spaces in nursing homes. Utilizing the Empathy Map, KANO model, AHP method, and PUGH decision matrix, an age-friendly residential spaces was designed to meet the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly. Integrating the KANO model with the AHP hierarchical analysis method enables precise identification of user needs while reducing arbitrary subjective assumptions. The PUGH decision matrix generates optimal design solutions to guide age-friendly residential space design. This study proposes a preliminary integrated decision-support framework that employs a structured process to conduct needs analysis and solution screening, which can serve as a reference for optimizing residential spaces for the elderly. Further validation is required through post-occupancy evaluations and user testing.

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