生物炭与生石灰配施可提高酸性碧根果果园的土壤肥力和坚果产量

摘要(中文译文)

酸性红壤中的土壤酸化和养分有效性低是制约薄壳山核桃（）生产力和果实品质的主要因素。然而，生石灰与生物炭配施对薄壳山核桃园酸性红壤的综合效应尚不清楚。在此背景下，在酸性红壤地区8年生薄壳山核桃园开展田间试验，评估生物炭与生石灰不同比例单施和配施对土壤性质、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明，生物炭与生石灰配施在土壤肥力、果实产量和果仁品质方面的效益优于单施处理。与对照相比，配施处理使土壤pH显著提高0.47-2.15个单位，并显著改善土壤养分状况。施用12个月后，L1B-L3B处理的土壤有机质含量较相应单施生石灰处理提高20.8-23.2%，达到37.57-43.37 g·kg。配施处理还维持了较相应单施生石灰处理更高的全氮、全磷和速效钾水平，L1B-L3B处理的全氮达到1.65-1.78 g·kg，较各自单施生石灰处理提高126.0-166.7%。配施处理总体上还增强了土壤生物学活性，改善了果实产量和品质。其对果实性状的影响随施用比例而异：低剂量处理（L1B，2 kg生物炭+1 kg生石灰）在改善干果仁重和出仁率等物理性状方面更有效；中剂量处理（L2B，2 kg生物炭+1.5 kg生石灰）单株产量最高，达到26.80 kg·株，较对照提高24.25%，且显著高于所有单施处理（23.43-25.07 kg·株）；高剂量处理（L3B，2 kg生物炭+2 kg生石灰）更有利于改善营养品质，氨基酸和维生素E含量分别提高至1267.01 μg·kg和153.22 μg·g，较单施处理提高45.41-91.90%和5.02-78.77%。总体而言，生物炭与生石灰配施有效缓解了土壤酸化，提高了土壤肥力，并促进了果实产量和品质的提升，为酸性红壤地区薄壳山核桃园的高效、优质和可持续发展提供了科学依据。

Abstract

Soil acidification and low nutrient availability in acidic red soils are major constraints on pecan () productivity and fruit quality. However, the integrated effects of quicklime and biochar application in pecan orchards on acidic red soils remain poorly understood. In this context, a field experiment was conducted in an 8-year-old pecan orchard in an acidic red soil region to evaluate the effects of sole and combined applications of biochar and quicklime at different ratios on soil properties, fruit yield, and quality. The results showed that the combined application of biochar and quicklime showed greater benefits for soil fertility, fruit yield, and kernel quality than single-amendment treatments. The combined treatments significantly increased soil pH by 0.47-2.15 units relative to the control and markedly improved soil nutrient status. After 12 months of application, SOM contents under L1B-L3B were 20.8-23.2% higher than those under the corresponding quicklime-only treatments, reaching 37.57-43.37 g·kg. The combined treatments also maintained higher total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium levels than the corresponding quicklime-only treatments, with TN under L1B-L3B reaching 1.65-1.78 g·kg, representing a 126.0-166.7% increase over their respective quicklime-only treatments. The combined treatments also generally enhanced soil biological activity and improved fruit yield and quality. Their effects on fruit traits varied with application ratio: the low-dose treatment (L1B, 2 kg biochar + 1 kg quicklime) was more effective in improving physical traits such as dry kernel weight and kernel percentage; the medium-dose treatment (L2B, 2 kg biochar + 1.5 kg quicklime) produced the highest single-tree yield, reaching 26.80 kg·tree, which was 24.25% higher than the control and significantly higher than all single-amendment treatments (23.43-25.07 kg·tree); and the high-dose treatment (L3B, 2 kg biochar + 2 kg quicklime) was more favorable for improving nutritional quality, increasing amino acid and vitamin E contents to 1267.01 μg·kg and 153.22 μg·g, respectively, which were 45.41-91.90% and 5.02-78.77% higher than those under the single-amendment treatments. Overall, the combined application of biochar and quicklime effectively alleviated soil acidification, improved soil fertility, and promoted higher fruit yield and quality, providing a scientific basis for the efficient, high-quality, and sustainable development of pecan orchards in acidic red soil regions.

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