MALARIA JOURNAL疟疾杂志
MALARIA JOURNAL(英文缩写 MALARIA J),ISSN 1475-2875,eISSN 1475-2875,中文译名:疟疾杂志 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-09-27 至 2026-09-27，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
MALARIA JOURNAL 最新收录文献
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1. Association between number of previous malaria episodes and treatment failure among children and adults with laboratory-confirmed Plasmodium infection treated with pyronaridine-artesunate in Gabon: a retrospective cohort study.
PMID:日期:2026-09-17Malaria remains a public health challenge in Gabon. Pyronaridine-artesunate is an effective oral treatment for uncomplicated malaria. In real-world context, treatment failures, though still rare, are expected to be more frequent than in clinical trials. Prior malaria episodes have been suggested as risk factor for treatment failure. However, most evidence relies on self-reported history, which is prone to bias. A secondary data analysis of the CANTAM study, a prospective multicenter single arm open-label phase IIIB/IV study assessing the safety and efficacy of pyronaridine-artesunate in real-world context, was conducted. Adults and children weighing ≥ 5 kg with uncomplicated malaria were included. Data from the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Gabon, were used in this sub-group analyses to assess the impact of previous malaria episodes on the risk for treatment failure, measured both as recurrence and recrudescence. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders. From June 2017 to March 2019, 2,082 patients were enrolled in Gabon; 1,969 were included in the intention-to-treat and 1,687 in the per-protocol analysis. Adults comprised 22.6% and males 53.7% of participants. In the per-protocol population, 129 (7.7%) participants experienced recurrence from which 22 (1.3%) were recrudescence. Repeated malaria episodes accounted for 294 (17.4%) of the malaria cases. Each one-year increase in age was associated with 11% decrease in the odds of recurrence (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.86-0.92; p-value < 0.001) and recrudescence (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.81-0.97; p-value 0.007). Previous malaria was associated with recurrence (OR 1.96; 95%CI 1.31-2.94; p-value 0.001) and recrudescence (OR 2.44; 95%CI 1.01-5.94; p-value 0.049) in the per-protocol multivariate analysis. The association between prior malaria and treatment failure was modified by age, indicating that treatment failure was less associated with previous exposure in older children. Previous malaria episodes may constitute a surrogate marker for increased risk of recurrence and recrudescence, particularly in younger children. This association may reflect increased vulnerability or transient alterations in host immunity, although other unmeasured factors may also contribute. This understanding could improve malaria management in high-transmission settings, highlighting the need for targeted follow-up of patients at highest risk of treatment failure.
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2. Short report: surveillance of hrp2/hrp3 deletions in Plasmodium falciparum within Haiti, 2021-2023, using RDTs.
PMID:日期:2026-08-28Malaria continues to be endemic within Haiti, despite numerous strategies to reduce its incidence. In 2012, malaria surveillance in clinical settings shifted away from microscopy to HRP2 based Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) as the primary form of screening. While this approach removes obstacles and delays associated with seeking skilled microscopy, the global emergence of malaria parasites containing HRP deletions has raised concerns of selective pressure and reduced sensitivity. Stored RDTs from febrile patients presenting to clinics in the Ouest and Sud Departments of Haiti were collected between 2021-2023. Total nucleic acid (TNA) was extracted from the entire RDT test strip. TNA was tested for Plasmodium spp. 18S rRNA. Samples testing positive by the 18S rRNA were tested with a triplex assay targeting P. falciparum-specific genes Pfrnr2e2, Pfhrp2, and Pfhrp3. Only samples with successful amplification of Pfrnr2e2 were assessed for Pfhrp2 and/or Pfhrp3 deletions. Of the 2,073 RDT samples analyzed, 193 were positive for Plasmodium spp. 18S rRNA, 49 of which came from negative RDTs (2.61% false-negative rate). Analyses of positive and negative RDT samples in which the Pfrnr2e2 gene successfully amplified resulted in 34 samples being Pfhrp2+/Pfhrp3- (33 from positive RDTs, 1 from a negative RDT), three samples being Pfhrp2-/Pfhrp3+ (all from positive RDTs), and three samples being Pfhrp2-/Pfhrp3- (2 from positive RDTs, 1 from a negative RDT). All deletions were reported in the Sud department. While samples with Pfhrp3 deletions were distributed throughout the Sud department, samples with Pfhrp2 deletions were located exclusively in Port-a-Piment, Les Anglais, and Tiburon. These results, and the recent reports of Pfhrp2 gene deletions in the Dominican Republic, demonstrate a growing threat to the use of HRP2-based RDTs within Haiti and throughout the entire island of Hispaniola. Future studies making use of whole blood samples should be conducted to confirm these findings. Additional studies should also be conducted to continue monitoring the spread and persistence of these gene deletions by sampling different Departments within Haiti.
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4. The effect of mefloquine dose on outcome of uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with artesunate-mefloquine: a WWARN systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.
PMID:日期:2026-08-25A combination of mefloquine associated with artesunate (AS-MQ) was the first artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) to be used widely for acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Individual patient data from 31 studies of patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with various AS-MQ regimens (target mefloquine dose 25 mg/kg), conducted in Asia, Africa and South America, were pooled and analysed to investigate the effects of MQ mg/kg dosing on malaria recurrence and other clinical, parasitological and tolerability endpoints. A total of 6,761 patients were enrolled in clinical studies conducted between 1995 and 2018; the majority (74%) were from Asia. The median age of study participants was 18 years (interquartile range IQR 8-30 years), of whom 13.5% (915/6761) were aged less than 5 years old. Participants received an estimated median [range] total mg/kg dose of mefloquine and artesunate of 25 [6.8-60] and 12 [3.6-33.3] respectively, and 1,572 (23.4%) participants were treated with the coformulation. The PCR-corrected recrudescence rate 42 days after any ASMQ treatment was 2.4% for patients enrolled in Asia and 2.5% in Africa, before artemisinin resistance emerged. Corresponding rates in children aged 1 to < 5 years were 2.9% and 3.3%. After adjusting for background artemisinin resistance, the hazard of recrudescence was higher in children aged 1 to < 5 years than in adults in Asia, but not in Africa (Asia, HR 3.01, 95%CI 1.60-5.64, p < 0.001; Africa HR 5.18, 95% CI 0.61-44.28, p = 0.133). There was only one recrudescent infection in South America. A significant MQ dose-effect was observed in Asia in patients treated with 3-dose regimens (AHR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.96, p = 0.003 for 1 mg/kg increase in dose). Vomiting rates within an hour of dosing were highest in children 1- 5 years of age (n = 140) at 3.4% doses (13/378) compared to 1.7% (20/1,168) in children 5-11 years (n = 476), and 1.1% (47/4,191) in patients 12 years of age or older (n = 2027) (p < 0.001, test for trend). AS-MQ administered over three days is a highly efficacious ACT in low to moderate transmission areas without artemisinin resistance. While further optimisation of the mefloquine dose in the coformulation in children aged 1-5 years could be considered, dose-related early vomiting is highest in this age group and may preclude this.
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5. Ex vivo susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum patient isolates from Eastern Rwanda, 2025.
5. 2025年卢旺达东部恶性疟原虫患者分离株对双氢青蒿素的体外敏感性PMID:日期:2026-08-19The emergence of artemisinin partial resistance (AR) in Plasmodium falciparum, characterized by mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 (PfK13) gene and delayed parasite clearance, represents a significant threat to malaria control in Africa. While the Ring-Stage Survival Assay (RSA) is the phenotypic gold standard for AR detection, its technical complexity limits scalability. The Extended Recovery Ring-Stage Survival Assay (eRRSA), utilizing quantitative PCR (qPCR), has been proposed as a more scalable alternative for molecular surveillance. In early 2025, 19 clinical P. falciparum isolates were collected and analyzed from the Kirehe district of Rwanda. AR phenotypes were characterized using both ex vivo RSA (72-h microscopy) and eRRSA (120-h qPCR). Parasite genotypes were determined via Sanger sequencing of the PfK13 propeller domain. Statistical analyses, including Spearman correlation and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, were applied to compare assay performance and define resistance thresholds. Non-synonymous PfK13 mutations were identified in 52.6% (10/19) of isolates, predominantly the validated R561H marker (31.6%). The N490T mutation (2/19) was detected for the first time in Rwanda. RSA-confirmed AR (survival rate >1%) was present in 38.9% of valid assays. The R561H mutation was significantly associated with elevated RSA survival (P=0.02), and the N490T isolates had high survival rates. Two further rare variants, P667S (2/18) and F699C (1/18), did not show elevated survival rates. eRRSA recovery rates correlated with RSA survival (P=0.003, ρ=-0.7); however, eRRSA exhibited moderate diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.86). A recovery rate threshold of 59.5 yielded high sensitivity (100%) but limited specificity (67%) for identifying RSA-defined resistance. These findings confirm the continued expansion of the PfK13 R561H lineage in Rwanda and provide a first ex vivo indication that the N490T variant confers an AR phenotype. While the eRRSA shows potential as a high-throughput screening tool for surveillance due to its high sensitivity, further refinement of recovery thresholds and clinical validation are required to improve its predictive specificity.
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6. {"_":"Field evaluation of SumiLarv 2MR larvicide for controlling the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia: a randomised controlled trial.","sup":["™"]}
PMID:日期:2026-08-17The establishment of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia threatens existing malaria control efforts. Unlike native vectors, An. stephensi thrives in both urban and rural areas, lacks clear seasonal peaks of abundance, and often breeds in artificial water containers. SumiLarv 2MR containing the larvicide pyriproxyfen (PPF) offers a promising method for controlling the immature stages of An. stephensi in such habitats. This habitat-randomised controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of SumiLarv 2MR against An. stephensi in Danan town, Somali region, Ethiopia. Entomological surveillance identified 102 large artificial containers ("birkas") which were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either SumiLarv 2MR (treatment arm) or no treatment (control arm). SumiLarv 2MR was introduced into the birkas at a dose of one disc per 200 L of water. Morphological identification was performed on adult mosquitoes emerging from control containers, while molecular analysis was conducted on both morphologically identified adult mosquitoes and dead pupae collected from the control and treatment arm. The residual efficacy of PPF content of the remaining discs was also analysed. Inhibition of adult mosquito emergence was assessed every 2 weeks for 40 weeks to determine the duration of efficacy. The number of SumiLarv 2MR remained constant in the treatment arm throughout the study period. No significant differences were observed in water volume, pH, or temperature between the two study arms. Introduction of SumiLarv 2MR resulted in complete (100%) inhibition of adult emergence throughout the 40 weeks' study period (t = 6.26, p < 0.05). Morphological identification of a sub-samples of adult mosquitoes emerging from control containers at different time points confirmed the presence of An. stephensi (99.85%) and An. gambiae s.l. (0.15%). Molecular analysis of morphologically identified adults from control containers and dead pupae from treatment containers confirmed that 98.91% were An.stephensi. Post-trial analysis showed that approximately 82.20% of the original PPF had been released from SumiLarv 2MR during study period. The high and sustained efficacy of SumiLarv 2MR demonstrated in this study suggests that it is a suitable tool for controlling An. stephensi in large artificial water storage containers.
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7. The monophyly of Nycteria and Polychromophilus parasites: a missing piece in the evolution of malaria and other Haemosporida.
PMID:日期:2026-08-05Haemosporida is a diverse order of vector-borne apicomplexan parasites infecting terrestrial vertebrates worldwide, including humans, but the evolutionary relationships among its genera remain unresolved. The phylogenetic placement of two bat-restricted genera, Nycteria and Polychromophilus, both of which lack erythrocytic schizogony, has varied across studies depending on taxon sampling and marker choice. To address this problem, an expanded dataset of near-complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes together with nine nuclear loci were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA recovered Nycteria and Polychromophilus as a strongly supported monophyletic clade. In contrast, analyses based only on the three mitochondrial coding genes (CDS) or a reduced nuclear dataset failed to recover their monophyly and showed low support and extensive topological conflict at deeper nodes. These results indicate that the near-complete mitochondrial genomes recover phylogenetic signal that is not captured by reduced mitochondrial coding sequences or partial nuclear datasets. Molecular dating analyses further showed that divergence estimates for a putative Nycteria-Polychromophilus clade are compatible with the proposed times for bat diversification and consistent with the broader haemosporidian timescale. When the Nycteria-Polychromophilus clade was incorporated as a calibration prior, divergence-time estimates became more precise without altering the overall evolutionary timeframe. Substantial mitochondrial gene-order rearrangements in a distinct Nycteria lineage were confirmed, highlighting structural divergence within this bat-associated group. In addition, heterogeneity in rates across mtDNA haemosporidian lineages was observed. Together, these findings support the existence of a distinct bat-associated clade whose deeper placement and evolutionary significance should be tested with broader phylogenomic sampling.
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8. Recurrent parasitemias with artemisinin partial resistance mutations during the 2024 Ethiopia malaria resurgence: a case series.
PMID:日期:2026-07-31Ethiopia experienced a marked resurgence of malaria in 2024. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and are threatened by the emergence of artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R), which is associated with mutations in the P. falciparum kelch13 (k13) gene, that could undermine treatment efficacy and accelerate transmission. The study was conducted as part of country wide resurgence response. We used the national Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) surveillance system to characterize malaria resurgence and further investigate antimalarial drug resistance markers among cases of recurrent clinical malaria in two selected resurgence sites in central Ethiopia. Parasite isolates from 15 patients with confirmed clinical, recurrent P. falciparum malaria were genotyped for molecular markers associated with drug resistance, including mutations in pfk13, pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, and pfdhps using PfSMARRTer multiplex amplicon sequencing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clinical presentation and treatment history were reviewed alongside genotyping results. Three patients (3/15, 20%) with confirmed recurrence were infected by parasites carrying the WHO-candidate ART-R molecular marker K13 P441L. Markers of resistance to other antimalarial drugs were nearly fixed in the population. These cases occurred in the context of increasing malaria incidence, with evidence of clonal expansion or dominance of a related lineage. The findings indicate the presence of ACT resistance-associated markers within genetically heterogeneous parasite populations. The current study documents cases of recurrent parasitemia caused by P. falciparum with K13 P441L during the malaria resurgence in Gelana district of the Oromia region, Ethiopia. The detection of multiple independent resistance markers suggests ongoing drug pressure on first-line treatments. These findings underscore the need for strengthened molecular surveillance integrated with routine case monitoring to inform treatment policy and support malaria control and elimination efforts in Ethiopia.
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9. Building the toolkit to address malaria resurgence and radical cure of vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a meeting report.
PMID:日期:2026-07-31Ethiopia has experienced a substantial resurgence in malaria in recent years, with increasing case numbers and a growing contribution of Plasmodium vivax in several regions. At the same time, new evidence supporting improved radical cure strategies, including high-dose primaquine and single-dose tafenoquine, alongside advances in molecular tools, offers opportunities to address persistent transmission and relapse. Against a backdrop of constrained funding and health system challenges, a stakeholder meeting was convened in Addis Ababa in November 2025 to review emerging evidence and discuss implications for malaria control and elimination in Ethiopia. The two-day meeting brought together 38 representatives from the National Malaria Control Programme, research institutions, regional health bureaus, and implementation partners. Key themes emerging from the meeting included: (i) systemic challenges shaping malaria control, including funding constraints, operational disruptions, and climate-related pressures; (ii) uncertainty around the contribution of relapse to overall P. vivax burden and the potential role of molecular tools to address this gap; (iii) important health system considerations for the introduction of G6PD-guided radical cure, particularly regarding service delivery levels and equity; (iv) the central role of economic evidence, with substantial uncertainty around drug pricing and implementation costs; and (v) the need for strengthened collaboration between researchers and policymakers to support evidence-informed decision-making. The meeting highlighted that, while more effective tools for P. vivax radical cure are available, their adoption in Ethiopia will depend on addressing key evidence gaps, particularly around relapse burden, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness. Given the current challenges, there is a pressing need for context specific research and continued dialogue between stakeholders, which will be critical to inform policy decisions and support progress towards malaria elimination.
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10. Design matters: structural variation in experimental huts significantly alters entomological endpoints in insecticide treated net (ITN) evaluation -a comparative experimental hut trial using a latin square design in Tanzania and Côte d'Ivoire.
PMID:日期:2026-07-25Experimental huts are the gold standard for the semi-field evaluation of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) but the design of the huts used varies markedly between sites. Structural differences may influence mosquito behaviour - and, consequently, the measured efficacy of ITNs. This raises concerns about the comparability, validity, and policy relevance of trial outcomes. We assessed the influence of four commonly used hut designs on entomological endpoints central to ITN evaluations. A 126-night comparative trial was conducted in Tanzania, using 18 experimental huts in two contiguous 9 × 9 Latin squares. Four hut types-East African, West African, Ifakara, and Rapley-were tested with PRONet Duo, Interceptor G2, MAGNet, and untreated nets. Sleepers and treatments were rotated throughout the trial. The primary outcome was 72-h mortality (M72); secondary outcomes were mosquito density, blood-feeding success, and exiting. Endpoint estimates for each hut type were compared using East African huts as the reference. Non-inferiority analysis of PRONet Duo in each hut type were compared with findings from a sister trial conducted exclusively in West African huts in West Africa. A total of 22611 Anopheles gambiae s.l. (99.9% An. arabiensis) were collected. Rapley and Ifakara huts captured over six times more mosquitoes than East African huts (rate ratio [RR] = 6.50 and 6.22, respectively; both p < 0.0001), whereas West African huts caught 88% fewer mosquitoes (RR = 0.12, p < 0.0001). West African huts recorded the highest mortality (70%) and blood feeding (15%) whilst the other hut types recorded 40-46% mortality and 3-8% blood feeding. All hut designs and the West African sister trial detected the same direction of effect between PRONet Duo and Interceptor G2 and predicted non-inferiority of PRONet Duo, although smaller sample sizes limited statistical certainty in East African and West African huts in Tanzania. Experimental hut design substantially affected key entomological outcomes, influencing both the magnitude of measured efficacy of ITNs and the statistical power of trials. Whilst relative product performance was broadly consistent across designs, absolute values varied widely, underscoring the need for greater standardisation of hut architecture in ITN evaluations. Harmonising experimental hut designs and reporting standards would strengthen cross-site comparability, improving the reliability of vector control product assessments, and enhancing the evidence base for global malaria control policy.