EPIDEMIOLOGIE MIKROBIOLOGIE IMUNOLOGIE流行病学、微生物学与免疫学
EPIDEMIOLOGIE MIKROBIOLOGIE IMUNOLOGIE(英文缩写 EPIDEMIOL MIKROBI IM),ISSN 1210-7913,中文译名:流行病学、微生物学与免疫学 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-10-01 至 2026-09-30，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 0.500 | Q4 |
| 2022 | 0.500 | Q4 |
| 2023 | 0.500 | Q4 |
| 2024 | 0.500 | Q4 |
| 2025 | 0.500 | Q4 |
EPIDEMIOLOGIE MIKROBIOLOGIE IMUNOLOGIE 最新收录文献
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1. Rare transmission of hepatitis A virus through blood transfusion products.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026Viral hepatitis A (VHA) is primarily transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Transmission through blood transfusion products is rare. In 2025, during an ongoing VHA epidemic in the Czech Republic, cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission through transfusion blood products from an asymptomatic donor were detected. The donor was only found to be HAV positive after developing clinical symptoms. Infected blood transfusion products (leukocyte-depleted erythrocytes and thrombocytes) were administered to two recipients, who subsequently developed infection. One of them, a paediatric patient, presented with anicteric VHA without complications, while the other immunocompromised patient had prolonged viremia. These cases highlight the risk of HAV transmission through blood transfusions, particularly during epidemics. Asymptomatic viremia in donors makes it impossible to detect infection without targeted testing. The introduction of direct nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HAV during a period of increased incidence of infection would improve the safety of blood transfusions.
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2. Serious tick-borne infections - considering the strengths and weaknesses of currently used laboratory diagnostic methods.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026The laboratory diagnosis of tick-borne infections is a major interdisciplinary issue, closely linked not only to advances in molecular biological methods but also to changes in ecosystems and biodiversity caused by climatic and anthropogenic factors. These factors significantly influence the epidemiological situation both globally and in the Czech Republic, where a marked increase in the incidence of serious tick-borne infections has been observed in recent years. Current diagnostic approaches combine indirect serological methods (e.g., ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays) with direct molecular techniques such as PCR and RT-PCR. The choice of an appropriate method depends on the clinical stage of the disease, timing of sample collection, and the type of biological material used. Insufficient sensitivity in the early phases of infection and poorly timed sampling can lead to false-negative results. Despite the availability of a wide range of laboratory tools, the proportion of undiagnosed cases remains high, complicating not only clinical decision-making and treatment but also the assessment of the true prevalence of these infections and the planning of targeted epidemiological measures.
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3. Factors influencing the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca species complexes in the developing gut microbiota.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026Bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, particularly members of the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca species complexes, are common commensals of the intestinal microbiota in neonates and infants. Under certain conditions, they may exhibit pathogenic behaviour and cause severe nosocomial infections, especially in preterm and immunocompromised children. Colonization by Klebsiella spp. is influenced by a range of perinatal and postnatal factors. The clinical significance of these opportunistically pathogenic strains is further amplified by their ability to acquire multidrug resistance, which complicates the treatment of infections and increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. This review focuses on the analysis of conditions and factors involved in the occurrence of Klebsiella species in the developing neonatal and infant gut microbiota and their role in nosocomial infections. Particular attention is given to species within the K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca complexes, which include the most clinically relevant opportunistically pathogenic strains of this genus in this age group. In addition, this review discusses the potential of experimental animal models in studying the pathogenesis of these infections.
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4. HIV Knowledge and Attitudes in Healthcare in Slovakia.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026HIV related stigma in healthcare remains one of the biggest obstacles to ending HIV/AIDS epidemy. The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge in HIV prevention/control, behaviours, and discrimination towards people living with HIV (PLWH) among health-care providers in Slovakia. Slovakia adapted the 2023 ECDC/EACS survey - originally implemented in 54 countries- between 15 September and 5 December 2023. Data were collected via an online anonymous questionnaire and analysed by Chi-square for homogeneity and by Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test. Out of 177 respondents 83.1% were females and 16.9% males. The average age was 43.2 years. The majority were physicians (55.9%) followed by other clinicians (23.7%). A substantial proportion of participants were not aware of having treated any people living with HIV (PLWH) within the past 12 months (72.3%). Most respondents had received training in patients' informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality (63.3%). Significantly fewer had been trained in equity, diversity, and inclusion (10.2%), infection control (19.8%), HIV stigma and discrimination (9.6%), or post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (9.6%). Only 9.6% of respondents had correct knowledge about all three topics: undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and PEP; 18.1% had correct knowledge about two of them, 36.7% about one, and 35.6% were not familiar with any. Knowledge about U=U, PrEP, and PEP was significantly associated with the number of PLWH respondents who had interacted with at work in the past 12 months, but showed no significant association with years of healthcare experience or participation in relevant trainings. Fear of occupational transmission did not differ between clinical and non-clinical staff. A notable proportion of respondents (25.4%) expressed a preference to avoid providing care to people who inject drugs, followed by sex workers (12.4%), transgender individuals (7.3%), and men who have sex with men (5.7%). Completing training in all topics did not have a significant impact on concerns about the care and treatment of PLWH. The findings provide an important insight into the scope and forms of HIV-related stigma in healthcare facilities in Slovakia, which should be gradually overcome by raising the visibility of PLWH, a deeper understanding of their problems and their acceptance. Therefore, close cooperation between healthcare workers, lay public, media and non-governmental and for shaping targeted organizations is necessary for reducing fear and prejudice against to PLWH measures and policies to reduce stigma and improve care for PLWH.
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5. Non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome - cases reported to the National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, 1983-2025.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026To identify the virulence factors responsible for toxic shock syndrome in causative strains submitted by field laboratories throughout the Czech Republic. To detect the production of TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins, the micro-slide gel diffusion test was initially used and later followed by reverse passive latex agglutination. Currently, the polymerase chain reaction is the preferred tool for the detection of toxin genes as well as genes for other toxins of S. aureus strains: exfoliatins A, B, and D, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and the mecA and mecC genes responsible for resistance to methicillin/cefoxitin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. A simple form was used to obtain information which confirmed the diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome (A48.3). Over a 42-year period from 1983 to 2025, the toxinogenicity of the causative agent was confirmed in 174 cases of non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome. The TSST-1 toxin (either alone or in combination with enterotoxin) was produced by 60% of the strains studied. Only 40% of the strains were positive for a specific type of enterotoxin. Most strains were methicillin-sensitive, and seven strains (4.0%) were positive for the mecA gene. Genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin were detected in a single strain. The most common type of staphylococcal infection leading to toxic shock syndrome was pyoderma. Other cases were associated with hospital acquired and post-traumatic wound infections. Of the entire cohort, the disease resulted in death of 38 patients, representing a high case fatality rate of 21.8%. Toxic shock syndrome is a serious staphylococcal disease affecting multiple organs, which can be fatal in severe cases. Given the wide range of symptoms, establishing a clinical diagnosis can sometimes be difficult. It is crucial to recognize the staphylococcal toxin aetiology and initiate early appropriate treatment.
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6. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic and whole genome sequencing analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3 and 19A from 2018-2024.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026To describe in detail changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Another objective is molecular analysis of S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 3 and 19A recovered in the Czech Republic between 2018 and 2024. Data on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and S. pneumoniae serotypes were obtained from the invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance program in the Czech Republic. S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 3 (63) and 19A (66) from 2018-2024 were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize the GPSCs (Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters) and STs (sequence types) and place them in a global context. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decline was observed in the incidence of influenza in the Czech Republic. Following the pandemic, the incidence of influenza rose again to significantly higher levels than before the pandemic. Compared to the 2018-2019 period, the incidence of certain serotypes increased in 2023-2024, including vaccine serotypes 3, 4, 14, and 15B, while the incidence of serotypes 8, 12F, and 15A, among others, decreased. Whole genome sequencing analysis demonstrated the dominance of GPSC12 ST-180 among serotype 3 isolates throughout the study period. Among serotype 19A isolates, GPSC4 prevailed, particularly ST-416. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how rapidly the epidemiological situation of invasive pneumococcal disease can change and that continuous, systematic surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease is necessary. The best prevention against IPD is vaccination, primarily with higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
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7. Usutu virus meningitis: another overlooked mosquito-borne disease in central Europe.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that taxonomically belongs to the genus Flavivirus and the family Flaviviridae. This arbovirus originating in Africa caused a major bird die-off near Vienna and its surroundings in 2001. Since then, the virus has progressively spread across southern, western and central Europe, including the Czech Republic. Despite the initial assumption that USUV is primarily pathogenic to birds (and highly virulent especially to blackbirds), several dozen human cases have been reported in Europe since 2019, and their number is steadily increasing. In this paper, we document a human case of Usutu virus meningitis in South Moravia at the end of the 2024 mosquito season and highlight the urgent need for regular surveillance of mosquitoes, birds, and humans, also focusing on other mosquito-borne diseases (in addition to West Nile virus and Ťahyňa virus) in the Czech Republic. The study authors obtained the patient's consent to publish this case report.
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8. Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease and serotypes coverage of pneumococcal vaccines in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2024.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026This study presents the epidemiological situation of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2024. The source of data for the study was the nationwide IPD surveillance programme, which started in 2008, 2007 being the pilot year of the programme. Surveillance data on the IPD were obtained by combining data from the National Reference Laboratory for Streptococcal Infections (NRL) and data from EpiDat and the Infectious Disease Information System (ISIN), respectively, always excluding duplicate records. Between 2007 and 2024, the total of 7,144 cases of IPD were recorded in the Czech Republic, with a total incidence of 3.7/100,000 population, varying in the individual years between 2.3 and 5.6/100,000. The age-specific average annual incidence over the entire period was at the following levels: children under one year - 6.1/100,000, children 1-4 years - 3.9/100,000, adults 40-64 years - 3.7/100,000, adults 65 years and older - 9.6/100,000. For the period 2007 to 2024, serotypes 3, 19A, and 8 were the most common serotypes detected in IPDs. In the 0-4 years age group, serotypes 3, 19A, and 14 were the most common serotypes; in adult aged 65 years and older, serotypes 3, 19A, and 22F were the most common serotypes. Over the years, there was a decline of serotypes included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), with the exception of serotypes 3 and 19A, and an increase of serotypes not included in pneumococcal vaccines. Following the introduction of vaccination against pneumococcal diseases in the Czech Republic, the occurrence of serotype 4 initially declined; however, in recent years, its occurrence has increased. The percentage coverage of serotypes causing IPD with currently recommended pneumococcal vaccines in 2024 was as follows: PCV13 - 42.8%, PCV15 - 48.5%, PCV20 - 60.7%, PCV21 - 62.8%, PPV23 - 66.9%. The percentage coverage of serotypes in the Czech Republic by current vaccines is comparable to that in other countries; however, in the case of potential new vaccines, it is lower than reported in other countries. Between 2007 and 2024, there was a decrease in IPD morbidity in the paediatric population and an increase in IPD morbidity in adults aged 65 years and older. The data presented may serve as a basis for updating recommendations for vaccination against pneumococcal diseases by the Czech Vaccination Society. Given the serotype coverage of the individual vaccines, we recommend the use of higher-valent conjugate vaccines PCV15 or PCV20 in children, rather than PCV13. The development of pneumococcal vaccines is based on data from IPD surveillance programmes in countries other than the Czech Republic; therefore, the serotype composition of these vaccines may not fully correspond to the serotypes circulating in the Czech Republic. The development of new pneumococcal vaccines is ongoing. It is essential to continue detailed surveillance of IPD in order to update and optimize vaccination strategy against pneumococcal diseases in the Czech Republic.
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9. Parvovirus B19: how to interpret semi-quantitative viraemia values during high circulation of the virus in the population.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026To establish the correct diagnosis of the disease. To interpret the results of semi-quantitative viraemia testing. To evaluate the clinical and laboratory course of the disease. At the Department of Infectious Diseases of the University Hospital of Hradec Králové and the Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, patients (n = 18) with parvovirus B19 infection were retrospectively studied for the period from March 1 to June 30, 2024. Their clinical condition, viraemia levels, and routine laboratory haematological and biochemical data were monitored. Viraemia levels ranged from 105 to 1011 copies/ml. Levels below 107 copies/ml were detected in patients with symptoms persisting for more than a week or considered as complications of the infection. In addition to exanthema and fever, the clinical course was characterised by pharyngitis, headache, vomiting in young children, arthralgia in adults, and, surprisingly, abdominal pain, meningism, hepatopathy with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and anaemic syndrome. Most adult patients had leukopenia, some with concomitant thrombocytopenia, but always with spontaneous resolution within eight days without complications. Such changes in blood counts were not observed in paediatric patients. To diagnose parvovirus B19 infection, it is important to know the possible clinical courses and typical laboratory findings, to have access to rapid PCR testing with quantitative viraemia values, and to be able to interpret these data. We consider viraemia levels of 10⁷ copies/ml and above within a week of the onset of symptoms to confirm the diagnosis. Lower values need to be interpreted with caution. Based on the duration of symptoms and clinical course, we can consider an immunopathological reaction caused by parvovirus B19 or an incidental finding of viraemia in another diagnosis, especially when there is a high circulation of the virus in the population.
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10. Epidemiology and spatial analysis of hepatitis B and C in the Czech Republic.
PMID:期刊:日期:2026The aim of this article is to describe the epidemiological trends and spatial patterns of viral hepatitis B and C in the Czech Republic at the district level in 2000-2023. In the study period, a total of 9,471 cases of hepatitis B and 21,611 cases of hepatitis C were reported to the Epidat/ISIN system. Based on global and local spatial analyses, statistically significant positive spatial autocorrelation was demonstrated, and spatial clusters of cases were identified. Spatial clusters of high values are most pronounced for both diseases in the districts of the Ústí nad Labem Region, mainly in areas with socially excluded localities and the occurrence of risky behaviour among the population. The article presents spatial autocorrelation methods as an essential part of epidemiological research and discusses spatial patterns of hepatitis B and C incidence in the Czech Republic.