XENOTRANSPLANTATION异种移植
XENOTRANSPLANTATION(英文缩写 XENOTRANSPLANTATION),ISSN 0908-665X,eISSN 1399-3089,中文译名:异种移植 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-11-01 至 2026-10-31，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3.788 | Q2 |
| 2022 | 3.900 | Q2 |
| 2023 | 3.300 | Q2 |
| 2024 | 4.100 | Q1 |
| 2025 | 3.800 | Q1 |
XENOTRANSPLANTATION 最新收录文献
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1. Flow Cytometric Immune Profiling Enables Early Detection of Rejection in Islet Xenotransplantation.
PMID:Islet xenotransplantation is a strategy for treatment of Type 1 Diabetes, but immune-mediated rejection limits graft survival. This study investigated a strategy with flow cytometry-based immune monitoring to evaluate immunosuppressive therapy and provide indicators of graft rejection. Porcine neonatal islet cell clusters (NICC) from GTKO-hCD55-hCD59 transgenic pigs were transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic baboons (n = 10). Recipients received anti-CD2 induction with anti-CD154, Belatacept, and full-dose (n = 7) or reduced/no dose Tacrolimus (n = 3). Leukocyte subsets and activation status were monitored using multiplex flow cytometry. Graft function was assessed by blood glucose measurements, porcine C-peptide ELISA, and histological analysis. Porcine C-peptide was detected in all recipients. Seven animals receiving full-dose Tacrolimus maintained NICC function for up to 675 days, whereas three experienced acute rejection within two months. Flow cytometry generated absolute leukocyte counts equivalent to standard full blood counts (Deming regression slope 0.91-1.03, p<0.001), while requiring less blood (50 µl vs ∼500 µl) and processing time (50±15 vs 150±30 min). Anti-CD2 treatment significantly reduced unoccupied surface CD2 on circulating T cells (mean 73.21%, range 55.26-91.16%, p<0.001). Long-term graft survival was associated with greater first-month T-cell suppression (36.47%, 13.35-50.75%) than acute rejection (176.28%, 171.26-181.31%). Following immunosuppression withdrawal, lymphocyte counts increased by 40%-142% in all recipients. Multiplex immunofluorescence of endpoint grafts from these IS-free animals revealed cell-mediated destruction with increased lymphocyte infiltration and activated cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Multiplex flow cytometry provides a reliable method for immune monitoring in islet xenotransplantation and may help predict graft rejection.
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2. Xenotransplantation of the Porcine Lung-From Immunological Barriers to Emerging Experimental Strategies.
PMID:Lung transplantation is the only long-lasting life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage pulmonary disease, but the ever-growing shortage of suitable donor organs leads to high mortality rates of the afflicted patients. Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of organs across species, has emerged as a promising alternative. This review summarizes the current knowledge on immunological barriers in lung xenotransplantation, including mechanisms of hyperacute, delayed, and chronic rejection. We highlight potential experimental strategies to overcome the various rejection responses. Xenotransplantation of organs such as hearts and kidneys has recently been advanced to clinical trials. However, lung xenotransplantation remains highly challenging due to its specific vascular sensitivity, extraordinary immunogenicity, and the immediate exposure to the external environment. Thus, translating these advances into durable clinical graft function will require lung-specific genetic and pharmacological strategies that directly address the organ's unique immunological vulnerabilities, especially its susceptibility to complement-mediated vascular injury, microvascular coagulopathy, and pulmonary intravascular macrophage activation.
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3. C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Inflammation and Graft Injury After Kidney and Heart Allo- and Xenotransplantation Into Non-Human Primates.
PMID:C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used inflammatory biomarker. We evaluated CRP alongside tissue injury markers in non-human primate (NHP) models of kidney and heart allo- and xeno-transplantation to assess CRP's sensitivity in detecting graft-specific inflammatory responses (acute rejection), and explored CRP elevations in the absence of clinically evident graft injury. A secondary objective compared CRP dynamics between NHP species. Forty-two baboon or cynomolgus monkey NHPs received kidney (n = 12) or heart (n = 7) xenografts, or kidney (n = 12) or heart (n = 11) allografts. In serum obtained before transplant, after graft revascularization on the day of transplant, and at defined post-operative intervals, CRP, creatinine (kidney), and troponin-I (heart) were measured and correlated with clinical events and histopathology. Baboons exhibited higher baseline and pre-transplant CRP levels than cynomolgus monkeys (p < 0.05). Following kidney xenotransplantation, CRP rose to higher levels in baboons than cynomolgus monkeys (p < 0.05). In association with episodes of histologically confirmed graft rejection, CRP elevations preceded rises in creatinine (kidney) or troponin-I (heart) by 7-14 days. Additionally, CRP elaboration was observed in association with opportunistic infection and surgical procedures such as graft biopsies. As reflected by CRP dynamics, systemic inflammation is associated with organ allo- and xenotransplantation in NHPs. We conclude that CRP is a potentially valuable marker of inflammation that, when interpreted alongside organ-specific biomarkers, quantifies the severity of immune activation associated with graft injury and detects additional inflammatory events, which may be clinically occult but influence experimental outcomes. CRP could be a valuable biometric adjunct in multi-parametric inflammation monitoring in transplantation and other disease models.
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4. Quantification of Islet Cell Cluster Size Heterogeneity in Early Postnatal Porcine Pancreas.
PMID:Donor scarcity limits islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes. Early postnatal piglets are a potential xenogeneic source of endocrine tissue, yet their immature islet cell clusters (ICCs) remain insufficiently characterised with respect to size and maturation. Here, we quantified ICC size heterogeneity in pancreata from six 14-day-old piglets using insulin and glucagon immunofluorescence staining and large-area immunofluorescence imaging with automated whole-section analysis. ICCs were classified as small (1-2 endocrine cells), intermediate (3-5 endocrine cells), or large (≥6 endocrine cells). Well-developed ICCs reaching ∼100 µm in diameter were consistently identified in all animals and exhibited an intermingled β- and α-cell cytoarchitecture similar to that of adult pig and human islets. The densities of small, intermediate, and large clusters were largely comparable among littermates and across piglets, suggesting a consistent distribution of ICC size classes at this postnatal age. Quantitative composition analysis revealed a strong predominance of insulin-positive area. In small and intermediate ICCs, we observed mean β/α cell ratios of 3.7 ± 0.4 and 3.8 ± 0.4, respectively. In large ICCs, the proportion of glucagon staining was significantly higher, decreasing the β/α cell ratio to 2.2 ± 0.3. Together, these data point to a reproducible distribution of ICC sizes in 14-day-old piglet pancreata, including a population of morphologically well-developed, ∼100 µm-sized clusters. These findings from native pancreatic tissue provide a morphological basis for further evaluating 14-day-old piglets as a potential donor source for xenogeneic islet transplantation.
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5. Blastocyst Complementation: The New Kid on the Xenotransplantation Block.
PMID:The transplantation of genetically modified pig organs and tissues is arguably the most promising approach to overcoming the world-wide shortage of organ and tissues for transplantation. The advent of gene editing has seen a resurgence in interest in this approach which has also allowed blastocyst complementation to be explored as an alternative to solving this challenge. Genetic strategies are increasingly being used to explore this possibility and overcome the many scientific hurdles this presents. While blastocyst complementation faces many scientific challenges the ethical questions surrounding this approach are equally important and will need to be addressed at the same time, if this new kid on the xenotransplantation block is to become a reality.
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6. Artificial Intelligence in Xenotransplantation: A Prioritized Roadmap for Early Clinical Translation, Opportunities and Challenges.
PMID:Xenotransplantation represents a potential solution to the persistent global organ shortage, yet its clinical application remains stalled by complex immunologic responses, coagulation dysregulation, species-specific biology, and infectious risks. Artificial intelligence (AI) could enhance safety, accelerate decision-making, and enable precision medicine initiatives within this rapidly evolving field. However, effective implementation of AI in xenotransplantation requires approaches specifically adapted to the biological and operational complexities of cross-species transplantation. Here, we present our suggestion of a prioritized roadmap for integrating AI into early clinical xenotransplantation, based on clinical need, data availability, technical readiness, feasibility of clinician-supervised implementation, and potential impact on graft assessment and safety monitoring. Priority domains include digital pathology and imaging, machine perfusion-based viability monitoring, multimodal and multi-omics detection of graft injury and rejection, and surveillance for potential xenozoonotic infections. One of the essential prerequisites to ensure the development of reliable AI in xenotransplantation is to develop standardized definitions of xenograft injury phenotypes and ground truth datasets, which in this emerging field are currently lacking. The limitations to the application of AI in xenotransplantation, which include the lack of clinical data, species-specific differences, and delays in annotations and regulations, can be addressed via data sharing, federated learning, fairness, and validation. By combining gene-edited donors and refined immunosuppression regimens with clinically supervised, auditable, and transplant-specific, AI-based support systems, xenotransplantation could be made safer and more reproducible in the clinical arena.
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7. Porcine Expanded Potential Stem Cells as a Versatile Platform for Multiplex Genome Editing and Immunophenotyping in Xenotransplantation.
PMID:Xenotransplantation utilizing pig donors offers a promising solution to organ shortages, but immune incompatibilities across species remain a major challenge. Current reliance on porcine primary fibroblasts for genome editing is limited by low inefficiency in complex gene editing and difficulties in immunophenotyping edited cells. In this study, we demonstrate that porcine expanded potential stem cells (pEPSCs), derived from preimplantation embryos, provide a robust and versatile platform for generating donor cells for xenotransplantation. These pluripotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, maintain genetic stability through multiple edits, and enable precise genome modifications. We performed multiple gene knockouts in pEPSCs targeting key immune rejection genes and precisely inserted a genetic cassette to facilitate streamlined introduction of human cDNAs via cassette exchange. The engineered pEPSCs retained their pluripotency and stability even after multiple rounds of genome editing. When differentiated into endothelial cells, they exhibited high immunogenicity, serving as a rapid and quantitative platform for immune response assessment. Importantly, the edited endothelial cells exhibited substantially reduced immunogenicity, confirming the functional impact of the genetic modifications. Although we have not yet generated live pigs from these gene-edited pEPSCs via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), our findings establish pEPSCs as a novel and improved platform for generating genetically engineered pig donors and for functionally evaluating genetic modifications, thereby advancing the prospects of xenotransplantation.
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8. Xenotransplantation Literature Update: January-June 2026.
PMID:In the first half of 2026, xenotransplantation advanced through refinement rather than dramatic new clinical milestones. Clinical studies described graft physiology, immune infiltration, complement activation, coagulation incompatibility, and early function in living recipients, decedent models, and clinical islet xenotransplantation, including the first orthotopic multi-organ decedent xenotransplantation model. Additional preclinical studies in pigs and nonhuman primates on kidney, heart, islets, and blood product models used more advanced engineering of donor organs, including up to ten genetic edits. They identified persistent issues such as thrombotic microangiopathy, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system dysregulation, and hemolysis-induced ferroptosis. Translational advances in xenotransplantation included the Banff guidelines for xenograft pathology, detection of cell-free DNA derived from the donor, complement, better histocompatibility tests, improved immunosuppressive approaches, and biosafety considerations.
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9. The Potential Role of Expression of HLA-E and HLA-G in Organ Xenotransplantation.
PMID:Xenotransplantation offers a promising solution to the shortage of human organs for transplantation but requires overcoming numerous immune responses-particularly those mediated by the innate immune system through natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. This review examines advances demonstrating that the expression of human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) on porcine cells contributes to reduce cellular xenograft rejection. HLA-E expression partially inhibits both direct NK cell cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), while also attenuating macrophage-mediated lysis. Furthermore, perfusion of transgenic porcine organs expressing HLA-E with human blood resulted in significantly less tissue damage compared to wild-type counterparts, thereby confirming the protective effect of HLA-E against innate immunity. Inhibition of NK cell activation can be further enhanced by co-expression of HLA-G and HLA-E. These findings confirm the potential of HLA-E and HLA-G expression as a complementary strategy in the design of immune-compatible porcine organs for clinical xenotransplantation.
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10. Global Consultation for Clinical Xenotransplantation: International Xenotransplantation Association Consensus and Communiqué Update.
10. 临床异种移植全球协商：国际异种移植协会共识和最新公报PMID:Xenotransplantation has entered a phase of accelerated clinical translation, necessitating renewed international consensus on governance, ethics, safety, and regulatory oversight. In September 2025, the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA), in partnership with The Transplantation Society (TTS) and with engagement from the World Health Organization (WHO), convened a Global Consultation in Geneva to review, update, and harmonise international guidance for clinical xenotransplantation. This IXA consultation marked the twentieth anniversary of the first WHO Xenotransplantation Advisory Consultation in 2005 and built upon the foundational principles established through the Changsha Communiqué (2008, 2011 and 2018) and subsequent IXA and WHO-led initiatives. Responding to rapid scientific advances, including some defined donor genetic standards, improved immunosuppression, enhanced biosecurity, and strengthened infectious disease surveillance, the IXA undertook an 18‑month, structured, evidence‑based revision process. Seven expert working groups, comprising approximately forty internationally recognised specialists from fourteen countries, reviewed developments across source animal standards and biosecurity, clinical trial design and oversight, immunosuppression and patient management, infectious disease risk and surveillance, ethical and legal frameworks, international governance, and emerging technologies. Draft recommendations were further refined through iterative consultation and plenary deliberation at the in‑person meeting held in Geneva, September 2025. The consultation proposed updated Principles and Recommendations directed to WHO, national regulators, investigators and sponsors, and the IXA/TTS communities. Key elements include proportionate risk benefit assessments, robust donor and recipient surveillance, long‑term biobanking and monitoring, transparency and public engagement, harmonised regulatory oversight consistent with existing allotransplantation frameworks, and equitable access to future clinical applications. The revised guidance aligns with contemporary regulatory expectations of major international jurisdictions regulatory authorities including (AEMPS, ANMAT, CONABIA, CONFEPRIS, EMA, FDA, GTAC, HC, IEC, INCUCAI, Medsafe, MFDS, MHRA, MHLW, NMPA, NZGTAC, MFDS, MHRA, TGA); and consolidates international consensus at a critical juncture for the field. This IXA Global Consultation provides an authoritative, forward‑looking framework to support safe, ethical, and globally coordinated clinical xenotransplantation as it transitions from experimental innovation to regulated clinical practice.