JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY抗微生物化疗杂志
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY(英文缩写 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH),ISSN 0305-7453,eISSN 1460-2091,中文译名:抗微生物化疗杂志 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-10-01 至 2026-09-30，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 5.758 | Q1 |
| 2022 | 5.200 | Q1 |
| 2023 | 3.900 | Q1 |
| 2024 | 3.600 | Q2 |
| 2025 | 4.100 | Q1 |
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 最新收录文献
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1. Activity of the novel oral antimicrobials zoliflodacin and gepotidacin against ceftriaxone-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Hangzhou, China.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01The emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae threatens the effectiveness of this last-line empirical therapy for gonorrhoea. Zoliflodacin and gepotidacin are novel oral gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of action, recently US FDA-approved for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea. We evaluated their in vitro activity against contemporary multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Hangzhou, China, a region with high ceftriaxone resistance. MICs of zoliflodacin and gepotidacin were determined by agar dilution for 340 clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in Hangzhou (2020-2025). Sequencing of gyrA, parC and gyrB quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) was performed. All isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant, and 23.2% were ceftriaxone-resistant. Zoliflodacin demonstrated potent activity (MIC range, 0.008-0.25 mg/L; MIC90, 0.06 mg/L). No isolate carried known GyrB target substitutions associated with increased zoliflodacin MICs (in D429 or K450), but GyrA S91F/D95G with ParC S87R was associated with slightly higher zoliflodacin wild-type MICs (P = 0.0004). Gepotidacin MICs ranged from 0.06 mg/L to 4 mg/L (MIC90, 2 mg/L); 42 isolates (12.4%) had non-susceptible MICs ≥2 mg/L. GyrA S91F/D95Y with ParC S87N and GyrA S91F/D95A with ParC D86N were associated with slightly higher gepotidacin MICs (P < 0.0001). No Spearman's rank correlation was observed between ciprofloxacin and zoliflodacin (R = 0.059) or gepotidacin (R = 0.0077) MICs. Zoliflodacin demonstrated potent in vitro activity and all isolates in this high-ceftriaxone-resistance setting were categorized as susceptible. Gepotidacin also showed potent activity, but 12% of isolates displayed non-susceptible MICs (≥2 mg/L). Continuous surveillance (phenotypic and genomic susceptibility) is essential when these two novel oral therapies enter clinical practice.
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2. Pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance spectrum and molecular transmission network characteristics in Zhejiang Province, 2023: implications for targeted control of drug-resistant HIV transmission.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01To characterize the epidemiology, subtype distribution and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) among newly diagnosed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, in 2023. In this province-wide cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study, the HIV-1 pol gene was amplified and Sanger-sequenced. Genotypic resistance was interpreted using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database, subtypes were assigned by phylogenetic analysis, and transmission networks were inferred at a pairwise genetic distance threshold of 0.01 substitutions/site, with sensitivity analysis across 0.001-0.015 substitutions/site thresholds. Among 3466 valid pol sequences, 241 PDR cases were identified, yielding an overall PDR prevalence of 6.95% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.11%-7.80%], with the highest prevalence observed in Jinhua (10.02%; 95% CI: 7.39%-12.65%). Of the 241 PDR cases, 10 distinct HIV-1 subtypes were detected, among which CRF07_BC (43.57%, 105/241) and CRF01_AE (38.17%, 92/241) predominated. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was most frequent (67.66%, 159/235), driven by the resistance-associated mutation (RAM) K103N/S (46.47%, 112/241); high-level resistance was highest for nevirapine (63.07%, 152/241) and efavirenz (54.77%, 132/241). Overall, 42.32% of PDR cases clustered into 51 resistance-associated transmission clusters (RTCs); 18 medium/large RTCs (≥4 individuals) carried high-level NNRTI resistance, 8 with mean pairwise distances ≤0.005 substitutions/site, suggesting high sequence homology and suggestive of close epidemiological linkage among clustered strains. In this study, PDR cases in Zhejiang were dominated by NNRTI resistance with substantial regional clustering, indicating putative transmission networks. Scaled-up standardized PDR surveillance, optimized first-line ART regimens and cluster-targeted interventions are urgently needed to curb resistant HIV-1 transmission and inform national HIV drug resistance policy.
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3. Potential clinical implications due to essential differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of actinomycetoma causative agents of the Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera towards commonly used anti-actinomycetoma drugs.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01Actinomycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by large tumorous lesions. It is caused by actinomycetes belonging to the genera Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces. Despite the differences between these genera and species, all actinomycetoma cases are treated with the same antibiotics. It is currently not known if the actinomycetoma causative agents have similar susceptibility patterns against these antibiotics. We therefore set out to determine the MICs for the most common causative agents against commonly used antibiotics. We used the standard in vitro susceptibility method from the CLSI to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of 94 actinomycete isolates belonging to the Actinomadura, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera and associated with actinomycetoma against 12 antibiotics. The molecular basis behind the reduced susceptibility was further explored using the genomes of the isolates. All isolates were highly susceptible to linezolid (100%), amikacin (98.9%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (87.2%). For amoxicillin/clavulanate and rifampicin, species-dependent susceptibility was noted. We found that 55% of Actinomadura madurae isolates, 61.5% of Nocardia brasiliensis isolates and 100% of Streptomyces somaliensis and Streptomyces sudanensis were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate. All A. madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri and N. brasiliensis isolates were resistant to rifampicin, whereas all S. somaliensis and S. sudanensis isolates were susceptible. This was most likely due to amino acid differences in the RpoB gene. Clear differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were noted for the different actinomycetoma causative agents, indicating that actinomycetoma treatment should be tailored to the causative agent.
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4. Evaluation of teicoplanin concentrations for loading-dose optimization across BMI categories.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between teicoplanin trough concentrations and loading doses and to identify the appropriate body-weight descriptor for loading doses across BMI categories. This retrospective study included adult patients whose teicoplanin trough concentrations had been measured. Cumulative loading doses and trough concentrations were compared among the underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) groups. Trough concentrations at the guideline-recommended loading dose scaled to different body-weight descriptors were simulated using individual pharmacokinetic parameters to evaluate the target attainment rate (TAR) within the target range 15-30 mg/L. In total, 206 patients were analysed, comprising 35 underweight, 131 normal-weight and 40 overweight/obese patients. The overweight/obese group received significantly lower loading doses than the other two groups. In contrast, Day 4 trough concentrations did not differ significantly between the underweight, normal-weight and overweight/obese groups, with median concentrations of 23.2, 23.7 and 24.1 mg/L, respectively. Simulation analysis showed that total body weight (TBW)-based dosing achieved a high TAR in the underweight and normal-weight groups (84% and 85%, respectively) and a lower TAR (71%) with a higher median of 27.2 mg/L in the overweight/obese group. The body-weight descriptor yielding a higher TAR than TBW-based dosing in the overweight/obese group varied by target range, with overlapping 95% CIs indicating no clear superiority. Simulation analysis suggests that TBW-based loading doses may lead to teicoplanin overexposure in overweight/obese patients. Further studies are warranted to identify the appropriate body-weight descriptor for loading doses in this population.
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5. Targeting autolysin ATL of Streptococcus suis: structural insights and inhibition by lanreotide acetate.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections in pigs and humans. Bacterial autolysins play essential roles in cell-wall remodelling and virulence; however, the structural and functional characteristics of the SS2 autolysin ATL remain poorly understood. With the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance, anti-virulence strategies that attenuate bacterial pathogenicity without directly inhibiting growth have attracted increasing attention. ATL domain organization was analysed bioinformatically. The catalytic domain was expressed, purified and crystallized, and its structure was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. An atl deletion mutant was generated, and ATL function was evaluated by autolysis, biofilm formation, adhesion and mouse infection assays. Lanreotide acetate was assessed for its effects on bacterial growth, ATL inhibition and anti-virulence activity in vitro and in vivo. ATL contains cell-wall-binding repeats and a C-terminal Zn2+-dependent amidase domain with a His13-Glu27-His81 catalytic site. Deletion of atl did not affect bacterial growth but reduced autolysis, biofilm formation, adhesion and virulence in mice. Lanreotide acetate had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 512 mg/L and showed no growth inhibition at sub-MIC concentrations. However, it inhibited ATL activity and reduced autolysis, biofilm formation, adhesion, barrier penetration and bacterial burden, while alleviating splenic pathology. ATL is a key SS2 virulence-associated autolysin. Lanreotide acetate attenuates SS2 pathogenicity by inhibiting ATL activity without suppressing bacterial growth, supporting ATL as a potential anti-virulence target.
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6. Factors influencing antibiotic use in confirmed viral respiratory tract infections.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01The use of antibiotic therapy in confirmed viral respiratory tract infections is controversial, with discordance amongst guidelines. We evaluated antibiotic usage in patients admitted with confirmed influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, as well as factors associated with their initiation and duration. This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients admitted to a tertiary centre with PCR-confirmed viral respiratory tract infection. Patient characteristics, antibiotic use, choice, route and duration, as well as patient outcomes were measured. Clinical and microbiological factors related to the admission were recorded. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with antibiotic initiation and duration. There were 241 admissions with confirmed viral respiratory tract infections over the 2025/26 winter period. Antibiotic therapy was commenced in 208 (86%) cases, with a median 7 days of therapy given. Additional cultures were taken from 159, with positive bacterial cultures in 35 (35/159, 22%). A requirement for supplemental oxygen (OR 4.61, P = 0.02) and increased C-reactive protein at admission (OR 1.03, P < 0.001) were associated with increased likelihood to commence antibiotics, while ongoing supplemental oxygen requirement (β coefficient 0.41, P = 0.005) was associated with increased duration of antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic duration was not influenced by bacterial culture results. We demonstrate high rates of antibiotic usage in patients admitted with confirmed viral respiratory tract infection, and identify opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship.
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7. Performance of a rapid direct-from-blood antibiotic susceptibility test based on MIC test strips on Enterobacterales blood cultures.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01To assess the technical performance of a rapid direct-from-blood antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) using MIC test strips (MTS-AST) directly on enterobacteria-positive blood culture broth. Fifty contrived blood culture bottles (BACT/ALERT FA plus) were prepared using 10 mL of sheep blood and a diluted bacterial suspension. A collection of 50 enterobacterial isolates was used, including 25 strains previously recovered from blood cultures and 25 additional strains exhibiting various mechanisms of resistance. Blood culture bottles were incubated in the BACT/ALERT VIRTUO system until they flagged positive. Then they were pulled and two drops of blood culture broth (approximately 100 µL) were directly poured and streaked onto a Mueller-Hinton agar plate. MIC test strips were immediately laid on the plate, before incubation at 35°C ± 1°C in an aerobic atmosphere for 5 h. Seven β-lactams were tested including amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and meropenem. Comparator MICs were obtained using MIC test strips according to the manufacturer's instructions with a standardized inoculum and 24 h of incubation. Essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA) and bias were determined. EA and CA between the MTS-AST and the comparator method were ≥94% and ≥90%, respectively, with no very major error. Positive bias was apparent for all antibiotics. MTS-AST provided rapid results (in 5 h) that correlated well with the comparator method on blood culture broth containing Enterobacterales. Given the shorter time to results, the reduced time cost, the limited handwork and the reduced cost per test, the MTS-AST constitutes a fast and reliable method.
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8. Weight-based polymyxin B dosing for mortality and nephrotoxicity: an exploratory dose-response study.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01The optimal weight-based maintenance dose of polymyxin B is not established. We evaluated dose-response relationships for 28-day mortality and nephrotoxicity and explored a dose threshold. In this single-centre retrospective cohort, hospitalized adults received a first intravenous polymyxin B course (June 2025 to February 2026); the maintenance dose (mg/kg/day) was the exposure. Main outcomes were 28-day mortality and nephrotoxicity, defined by a creatinine-clearance criterion (≥50% fall, or ≥ 25% with pre-existing dysfunction); renal injury was also graded by the risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification. We used clinically selected dose categories (2.5, 2.75 and 3.0 mg/kg/day), exploratory classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, multivariable logistic regression and a desirability of outcome ranking. The mortality cohort comprised 208 patients (28-day mortality 41.3%) and the nephrotoxicity cohort 163 (nephrotoxicity 49.7%). Mortality declined across dose categories in univariable analysis (trend P = 0.05) but was not independently associated with dose after adjustment. Nephrotoxicity increased with dose, reaching 73% at ≥3.0 mg/kg/day; CART identified a threshold at 2.74 mg/kg/day, above which the RIFLE grade was worse (62.3% of comparisons; P = 0.006). Multivariable analysis confirmed this (adjusted odds ratio 2.60, 95% confidence interval 1.25-5.43). The desirability of outcome ranking did not differ across dose groups. A higher polymyxin B maintenance dose was associated with increased nephrotoxicity, particularly above approximately 2.75 mg/kg/day. The mortality estimates were imprecise and did not exclude a clinically important effect. This single-centre threshold is hypothesis-generating and requires validation before it could inform a clinical dose ceiling.
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9. A multinational genomic framework for predicting β-lactam resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.
9. 用于预测流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺类耐药性的多国基因组框架PMID:日期:2026-09-01Haemophilus influenzae resistance to β-lactams is mediated by β-lactamase and amino acid alterations in penicillin-binding protein 3 encoded by ftsI gene, which shows incomplete phenotype-genotype concordance. To develop and evaluate a genomic classification framework to predict clinically relevant β-lactam resistance categories. We analysed 5288 H. influenzae isolates collected in eight European countries and Canada. Among these, 4833 isolates had phenotypic β-lactam susceptibility that were classified into three categories: susceptible to amoxicillin (AMX), resistant to AMX but susceptible to cefotaxime and resistant to both. A 621 bp DNA fragments of the whole ftsI gene (between codons 326 and 532) were analysed to construct category-specific k-mer vocabulary and an allele classifier using Python scripts. Performance was assessed using independent allele validation and agreement with phenotypic classification was evaluated using Cohen's κ coefficient. An additional 455 isolates lacked phenotypic data and were used for external genomic application. Forty-seven frequent ftsI alleles and 34 additional alleles were used for the implementation and the refinement of the vocabulary. Subsequently, 23 other alleles were used for independent allele validation and resulted in correctly predicted resistance categories for 21 alleles (accuracy 91.3%). Agreement with phenotypic classification was high (Cohen's κ 0.853; weighted κ 0.880). Application of the classifier to 455 UK isolates predicted resistance distributions consistent with those observed in phenotypically characterized datasets. A recurrence-filtered k-mer-based vocabulary provides a promising standardized genomic framework that complements phenotypic AST, particularly when phenotypic testing is unavailable, incomplete or heterogeneous.
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10. In silico resistance prediction of oral streptococci to recommended prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis upon dental procedures.
PMID:日期:2026-09-01For over 70 years, guidelines have recommended antibiotics for infective endocarditis (IE) prophylaxis before dental procedures, focusing on oral streptococci. Our in silico study aimed to evaluate the potential resistance of oral streptococci against prophylactic antibiotics used before invasive dental procedures to prevent IE. The genomic assemblies and metadata of Streptococcus IE isolates were searched using specific terms in BioSample and RefSeq databases. Their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for 91 drugs belonging to 22 different classes were predicted with ResFinder and analysed regarding the recommended IE dental prophylactic antibiotics, focusing on the oral streptococci assemblies. Among the 258 Streptococcus isolates dating from 1935 to 2021 from 12 countries, 79.46% were classified as oral streptococci, and 38.37% of the 258 assemblies carried resistance genes to at least one antimicrobial. Seven isolates carried the transposon Tn6331, which can confer resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins and tetracyclines. Within the oral Streptococcus strains, none carried resistance genes to amoxicillin, but potential resistance to azithromycin (24.88%) and doxycycline (16.59%) was observed. Our in silico study showed that none of the oral Streptococcus assemblies from IE carried resistance genes to the primary regimen recommended for IE prophylaxis following invasive dental procedures. However, several assemblies were potentially resistant to alternative prophylactic regimens for patients allergic to penicillin or ampicillin.