FIRE TECHNOLOGY火灾技术
FIRE TECHNOLOGY(英文缩写 FIRE TECHNOL),ISSN 0015-2684,eISSN 1572-8099,中文译名:火灾技术 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-09-28 至 2026-09-28，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3.605 | Q2 |
| 2022 | 3.400 | Q2 |
| 2023 | 2.300 | Q2 |
| 2024 | 2.400 | Q2 |
| 2025 | 2.400 | Q2 |
FIRE TECHNOLOGY 最新收录文献
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1. The Relevance of Law and Economics for Fire Safety.
PMID:日期:2026-01-01This article investigates how the discipline of Law and Economics ("L&E") can guide legal frameworks for fire safety by aligning legal rules, economic incentives, and engineering practices. We first introduce core L&E concepts - externalities, information asymmetries, public-goods, and liability structures - and their relevance for fire safety. We then develop a mathematical model for the total cost of fire (for a design problem or building portfolio), and use this model to contrast prescriptive and performance-based regimes and compare three liability standards (strict liability, code-compliance negligence, and due-diligence negligence). When considering a full internalization of the cost of fire (i.e., when the private decision-maker carries all fire-related costs), our analyses show that prescriptive regimes generate over- or under-investment in preventive measures, resulting in sub-optimal societal outcomes. Performance-based regimes, on the other hand, provide private decision makers with the incentive to invest up to societally optimal safety investments. The comparison of liability regimes shows that the internalization of the cost of fire is most effectively achieved by the strict liability regime. A liability regime of negligence based on due diligence (professional standards) also pushes private decision-makers towards adopting societally optimum designs. However, when negligence is established by the (lack of) compliance with prescriptive fire safety codes, this results in societally suboptimal designs. These results imply that policymakers should favor adaptable, efficiency-oriented regulatory designs, and highlight that liability regimes should be calibrated to internalize fire safety related costs. In more general terms, the results demonstrate the power of L&E approaches for supporting discussions on fire safety legislation.
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2. A Systematic Review of Building Fire Safety Practices in the UK: Approaches, Challenges and Recommendations.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01The catastrophic effect of fire incidents such as loss of lives, damage to building structures and economic loss, underscore the need for efficient fire safety in buildings, which has been a major subject of discussion in the UK. In this study, a comprehensive review of literature pertinent to building fire safety in the UK is presented. The study adopts systematic review approach, collected data from Scopus and analysed 51 qualified articles quantitively and qualitatively. The review shows a rise in publication since 2004, revealing prominent authors and keywords in building fire safety research. The review further identified the categories of fire safety practices in the UK, including technological innovations, mitigation, behavioural, and regulatory measures. Notable findings reveal the challenges in current practices including compliance and enforcement issues, maintenance of fire safety systems, public awareness and behavioural issues, technological adoption and integration challenges, and infrastructure and building design challenges. To address the challenges identified, proposed recommendations include fire safety training, simplifying and unifying regulations, maintenance and inspection of fire safety systems, fostering and upholding public trust, enhancing public awareness, integration of advanced technologies, and formulation of fire safety strategies. Additionally. the study further recommends more comparative research on international fire safety practices and social factors influence on fire regulations to effectively enhance fire safety practices in the UK.
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3. An Approach for Flux and Thickness Scaling of Cone Calorimeter Data for Predicting the Pyrolysis of Materials.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01This paper presents an engineering approach to modeling pyrolysis. Instead of attempting to define detailed solid phase reactions, this method dynamically scales data from cone calorimeter tests of a material performed for different cone fluxes and/or sample thicknesses. The method can utilize data from multiple cone exposures and/or multiple sample thicknesses. The method compares the model predicted heat flux to a burning surface to the reference heat flux for a cone calorimeter test. The reference heat flux is the flame heat flux plus that portion of the cone heat flux that reaches the sample. In this method the reference heat flux is determined by table lookup of FDS simulations of a range of fuels and fuel burning rates in a cone geometry. The paper provides verification and validation of the approach. Validation is performed at multiple scales including a large series of 1D simulations for 141 materials, a cone calorimeter geometry for PMMA, a single burning item geometry for PMMA, a stack of wood pallets in a corner, and a room corner test at three length scales using plywood or fiber reinforced polymer. The method performs best for polymer and wood based materials. Specifically, it performed best when data from multiple cone exposures was self similar with a monotonic progression in peak burning rate as a function of exposure. The method showed a high degree of grid independence. The method also showed similar or improved performance to simulations using the detailed solid phase kinetics. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10694-025-01767-1.
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4. Qualitative Analysis of Ventilation Position and Dimension Effects on Compartment Fire Dynamics: An Experimental and Numerical Approach.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01Informal settlements, where over 1 billion people live globally, are extremely vulnerable to fire events. Thermally thin steel-clad timber-framed homes found in South African informal settlements are a prime example of this. In this paper, we explore, through six full-scale laboratory experiments and modelling, the influence of opening locations, areas, and aspect ratios, on the fire dynamics of thermally thin and leaky compartments. It was found that having the window on the same wall as the door produced the highest heat fluxes opposite the door (13 kW/m). Having the window opposite the door on the back wall, created a crossflow scenario which produced slightly higher fluxes opposite the door (10-11 kW/m) compared to when the windows were on a side wall (7-9 kW/m). Increasing the opening area by including another equally sized window, or by doubling the window width or height, slightly reduced the heat fluxes opposite the door and window, in general slightly increased the time to flashover, and significantly increased the heat release rate required for flashover. The work presented within this paper adds to the growing body of knowledge around informal settlement dwelling fire dynamics which can be used by engineers and urban planners in understanding and mitigating urban conflagrations within these communities. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10694-025-01747-5.
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5. Fire Inside the Cavity of a Non-flammable Facade: Step-by-Step Development of Multiphysics Computer Simulations.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01The cavities in a building facade can significantly increase the fire hazard, acting as pathways and accelerators for the vertical spread of flames and smoke, even in non-combustible facades. Ensuring fire safety during facade design requires a thorough understanding of how cavity geometry influences fire dynamics. However, established theories for this phenomenon are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we use the computational fluid dynamics code FireFOAM to develop step-by-step multiphysics simulations incorporating fluid mechanics, heat transfer, buoyancy, and combustion phenomena to investigate the non-linear behaviour in narrow vertical cavities. Four scenarios of increasing complexity are modelled and validated against experimental data from the literature. The simulations predict flow velocities and convective heat fluxes within 20% error and buoyancy-driven flow, radiative heat flux, and flame height predictions within 30% error across a range of cavity widths. The study also highlights the limitations of the models, offering insights for future refinement. The results demonstrate that computer simulations can reliably be used to study critical phenomena of cavity fires and, with future improvements, predict fire behaviour across various facade designs and conditions. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10694-024-01680-z.
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6. Numerical Study on the Effect of Atmospheric Wind on the Fire Severity in Informal Settlements with Different Dwellings' Wall Thermal Characteristics.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01There is a persistent risk of large-scale fire conflagrations in informal settlements, which can threaten hundreds of people simultaneously. Although the literature implies that wind conditions have a significant impact on these fires, little is known about how wind conditions affect the dynamics and spread of flames in informal settlements. In order to comprehend the impact of wind conditions (speed and direction) on the time to flashover and fire severity in informal settlement dwellings with different wall thermal characteristics, a numerical study was conducted utilizing the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. For six different wind speeds (1 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s and 25 m/s) and two wind directions (side and back wind). Simulations were conducted with full-scale informal settlement dwellings burning wood cribs, analyzing the fuel mass loss rate, hot gas temperature, global equivalence ratio, radiative heat flux outside the door, and time to flashover. In addition, the influence of wall thermal properties was examined for thermally-thin steel-clad and asbestos cement-clad dwellings (thermally-thick). Regardless of wind direction, it was noticed that an increase in wind speed significantly shortened the time required to attain flashover. This was shown to be the result of the wind accelerating the burning rate of the wood cribs and, as a result, the faster temperature rise of the hot gas. Radiative heat fluxes observed outside the door increased with the wind speeds. The direction of the wind had a small effect on the investigated fire characteristics, with the side wind scenarios exhibiting somewhat longer timeframes to flashover. Thermally-thin walled informal settlement dwellings exhibited a greater fire severity, with higher fuel mass loss rates, hot gas layer temperatures, and higher external radiant heat fluxes, as well as shorter timeframes to flashover. These findings indicate that both wind speed and thermal wall characteristics have a substantial impact on the severity of fires in informal settlements and can enhance the risk of fire spread.
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7. Investigating Numerically the Effect of Wind on Fire Spread Between Two Informal Settlements Dwellings.
7. 从数值上调查风对两个非正式定居点住宅之间火灾蔓延的影响PMID:日期:2025-01-01Previous full-scale fire studies revealed that the role of wind on fire spread between informal settlement dwellings was critical. However, the influence of wind conditions on informal settlement dwellings fire spread is currently understudied in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of external wind conditions on fire spread between two informal settlement dwellings with a distance of 1 meter between them. A parametric numerical analysis was performed using the computational fluid dynamics code Fire Dynamics Simulator. The numerical models were benchmarked through laboratory experiments. The investigation included an analysis of the fire spread mechanism, flashover conditions, and heat transfer processes at the boundaries of the dwellings. Simulations were conducted with burning wood cribs as fuel and three wind speeds (6 m/s, 10 m/s, and 14 m/s) with four wind directions (East, West, South, and North). Results showed that wind speed and direction had a significant impact on the fire dynamics of the origin dwelling and its spread to neighboring dwellings. The wind direction also influenced the time to flashover in both dwellings, with a delay observed when the wind flowed through the alley between the two dwellings. The total heat transfer coefficient was found to be directly proportional to the wind speed for all directions. The internal radiative heat transfer coefficient of one wall was found to represent the total heat transfer coefficient in different scenarios. This study highlights the complexity of determining the role of wind in urban fire spread and underscores the need for further research in this area.
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8. The Effect of the Fuel Location and Ventilation Factor on the Fire Dynamics of Informal Settlement Dwellings.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01Three full-scale experimental compartment fires are compared to investigate the effect of the fuel location and the ventilation factor on under ventilated thermally thin bounded ISO-9705 compartments. Wood cribs were used as the fuel load and the crib placement was varied between two locations (back and middle) to study the effect of the fuel location. Furthermore, the ventilation conditions were changed from a door and window (i.e., ventilation factor of 2.58 m) to only a door (i.e., ventilation factor of 2.26 m) for the scenario where the cribs were placed at the back of the compartment. The novelty of this work lies in its examination of the time to flashover, gas layer temperature, heat release rate, and external radiative heat fluxes, specifically considering the impact of fuel location and ventilation factor. It was observed that placing the fuel package in the middle of the compartment led to a longer growth phase, hotter gas layer temperature, a higher Heat Release Rate (HRR) needed for flashover ( ), and higher external radiative heat fluxes through openings. It was also found that, decreasing the ventilation factor decreased the heat losses and therefore the . Decreased ventilation also affected the height of the neutral plane, as one would expect, and the shape of the external plume, but did not have significant effect on the temperature within the compartment, the walls of the compartment, and the external radiative heat flux.
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9. Study on Bayesian Skew-Normal Linear Mixed Model and Its Application in Fire Insurance.
PMID:日期:2023-06-07Fire insurance is a crucial component of property insurance, and its rating depends on the forecast of insurance loss claim data. Fire insurance loss claim data have complicated characteristics such as skewness and heavy tail. The traditional linear mixed model is commonly difficult to accurately describe the distribution of loss. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a scientific and reasonable distribution model of fire insurance loss claim data. In this study, the random effects and random errors in the linear mixed model are firstly assumed to obey the skew-normal distribution. Then, a skew-normal linear mixed model is established using the Bayesian MCMC method based on a set of U.S. property insurance loss claims data. Comparative analysis is conducted with the linear mixed model of logarithmic transformation. Afterward, a Bayesian skew-normal linear mixed model for Chinese fire insurance loss claims data is designed. The posterior distribution of claim data parameters and related parameter estimation are employed with the R language JAGS package to obtain the predicted and simulated loss claim values. Finally, the optimization model in this study is used to determine the insurance rate. The results demonstrate that the model established by the Bayesian MCMC method can overcome data skewness, and the fitting and correlation with the sample data are better than the log-normal linear mixed model. Hence, it can be concluded that the distribution model proposed in this paper is reasonable for describing insurance claims. This study innovates a new approach for calculating the insurance premium rate and expands the application of the Bayesian method in the fire insurance field.
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10. A Review on Higher Education of Fire Safety in China.
PMID:日期:2023-05-11Along with the rapid urbanization and economic growth in China over the last four decades, the higher education in Fire Safety Science and Engineering has been developed and changed significantly. This work systemically reviews the origin and evolution of fire safety higher education history in China, from Fire Protection Technology (before the 1980s) to Fire Safety Science and Engineering (from about 1985 to the 2010s) and to Human-Oriented Public Safety and Smart Firefighting (from the 2010s to today). The scopes of fire safety discipline are discussed by introducing the requirements of firefighters, registered professional fire protection engineers and safety engineers in China. The courses and curriculum in fire safety higher education in representative universities are introduced and compared in detail. By comparing their undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, we explain the context of fire safety education in different universities. From a historical viewpoint, we introduce the unique features and the diversity developed in different institutes, based on the evolution of programme documents and first-hand teaching materials. This review aims to introduce the higher education systems of fire safety in China to the world and encourage more international collaboration with the Chinese fire safety science and engineering communities in the future. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10694-023-01416-5.