BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY边界层气象学
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY(英文缩写 BOUND-LAY METEOROL),ISSN 0006-8314,eISSN 1573-1472,中文译名:边界层气象学 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-09-28 至 2026-09-28，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3.471 | Q3 |
| 2022 | 4.300 | Q2 |
| 2023 | 2.300 | Q3 |
| 2024 | 2.200 | Q3 |
| 2025 | 2.600 | Q3 |
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY 最新收录文献
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1. Effect of thermal stability on wind turbine wakes: an experimental and analytical study.
PMID:日期:2026-01-01We present first results from the thermally stratified boundary layer wind tunnel at EPFL, Switzerland. Stable, neutral, and convective thermal stability conditions are developed in the wind tunnel using temperature control of the floor and the air at the inlet. Two turbines in fully aligned conditions are then used to study the effect of thermal stability on the wake flow. The effect of stability on the recovery of the single and cumulative wake is shown, with a faster (slower) recovery in the convective (stable) conditions compared to the neutral ones. Two-point spatial correlations are performed to characterize the effect of thermal stability on turbulent length scales in turbine wakes. The correlations are found to be stronger in the convective case, with a hint towards enhanced meandering in this case. The stable case shows smaller correlations compared to the neutral one, with a strong signature of tip vortices behind the first turbine. The experimental data is used to test the Gaussian analytical wake model. As the streamwise turbulence intensity is the same in all cases, the model is unable to differentiate between different stability conditions. To resolve this, the relations for wake growth rate, near wake length, and wake added turbulence are re-formulated in terms of the vertical turbulence intensity. The re-formulated analytical framework yields reasonable predictions of the single and cumulative wake velocity deficit for all stability conditions.
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2. Estimating and Evaluating Roughness Length and Displacement Height in Heterogeneous Urban Environments.
PMID:日期:2026-01-01The roughness length ( ) and displacement height ( ) are essential surface-layer parameters in numerical models (e.g., weather, climate, wall-modeled LES, etc.). This work evaluates the consistency of and estimates from morphometric and anemometric methods using data from two eddy-covariance flux towers (AmeriFlux US-INg and US-INc) in Indianapolis, IN. Results show inconsistencies in estimated and values depending on the chosen method. The two evaluated anemometric methods estimate non-physical values of when compared to roughness elements surrounding both towers. Additionally, predictions of mean wind speed using surface-layer similarity theory with morphometric estimates exhibit a bias during near-neutral and stable conditions relative to observations. The overestimation of mean wind speed by surface layer similarity theory is consistent with previous observational and modeling studies in urban areas, suggesting that the application of similarity theories to urban environments may have limitations. Differentiation of vegetation from built structures appears to impact morphometric and estimates, particularly where vegetation is abundant; however, it has little impact on correcting biases in the similarity theory. Specifically, we find that existing similarity theories using morphometric estimates underestimate integral velocity and length scales, and the degree of underestimation depends on the stability conditions. Accounting for the degree of anisotropy in surface-layer turbulence helps reduce the biases between similarity theories and observations during unstable conditions, but not in near-neutral cases. Future work is needed to identify the cause of such biases for near-neutral conditions.
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3. Characterization of the Surface Energy Balance Residual in Complex Terrain.
3. 复杂地形中地表能量平衡残差的表征PMID:日期:2026-01-01The closure of the surface energy balance (SEB) in complex terrain remains a persistent challenge. We present a multi-site analysis based on the i-Box network in the Inn Valley, Austria, to characterize the SEB residual () normalized by net radiation () across different conditions. Diurnal cycles of / and turbulent fluxes show a significant residual, positive (i.e., an energy gain) during the day and negative (i.e., an energy loss) during the night. Large / is observed during nighttime stable conditions, and minimum values are found under convective mixing. Annual cycles show a distinct pattern for most of the sites, with warmer months displaying the smallest / during daytime and largest values during nighttime, while colder months are associated with the opposite behaviour. The study examines the influence of atmospheric stability, turbulent mixing and flow conditions on /. Results reveal that unstable conditions, associated with higher vertical mixing, tend to reduce the magnitude of /. In contrast, stable conditions are linked to larger residuals. Especially for certain stations, foehn events and valley wind days introduce additional variability. Our findings thus point out not only the need to account for atmospheric stability, turbulence structure, and flow regimes, but also the site-specific response of / to the above conditions which highlights the importance of collecting spatially distributed complex terrain observations.
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4. Including dispersive shear stress in urban environments for single column dispersion models.
PMID:日期:2025-09-01Most single-column, Gaussian dispersion-model algorithms exclusively consider the time-averaged Reynolds shear stress contribution to the friction velocity, neglecting any dispersive stress component inherently present from the lateral spatial averaging of the model. This work examines the impact of incorporating dispersive stresses when calculating the friction velocity used for dispersion parameterizations in idealized uniform and nonuniform urban areas. This is accomplished through wind tunnel-validated, neutrally-stratified Large Eddy Simulations (LES) at incoming wind flow angles of 0°, 10°, 30°, and 50°. Comparisons are made to the existing formulations in AERMOD, the EPA's preferred Gaussian dispersion model. Given the issues with Gaussian models in complex environments, results are focused above the urban canopy, where the vertical shear stress from Reynolds and dispersive components are used to estimate a friction velocity to fit the log law velocity profile with surface roughness and displacement height. An urban model with rows of uniform buildings was found to feature negligible dispersive components to the friction velocity outside of any city blocks within a transition region where the dispersive shear stress was opposite in sign to the Reynolds stress. A second urban model containing nonuniform buildings featured meaningful dispersive stresses for nearly all city blocks and flow angles. The friction velocity and fitted surface roughness for all blocks of both models were compared to existing reduced order models used to predict urban friction velocity. The method used in AERMOD relies on a convective-like boundary layer assumption and has poor agreement with our results, whereas a simple power law expression reproduces all our data within 9.6% if the height at which the velocity matches from both the upwind to the urban wind profiles is known. Finally, the inclusion of dispersive shear stress in the friction velocity is reflected in the prediction of pollutant concentrations in the AERMOD formulations, leading to a +20.6% and +21.2% increase in predicted concentrations within the first row for the uniform and nonuniform cases, respectively, but otherwise a +0.4% and -15.6% change for all other rows. Future work could incorporate these effects in conjunction with the physical presence of buildings to improve the predictive power of Gaussian models in urban areas.
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5. Wake Characteristics of Multiscale Buildings in a Turbulent Boundary Layer.
PMID:日期:2025-01-01Urban forms characterised by multi-scale roughness can drastically modify the wind structure within cities affecting both pedestrian comfort and air quality at street level. For simplicity, most urban flow studies focus on cuboid buildings with a single length scale. We consider six forms to assess how additional length scales impact urban flow: two reference cuboids that differ in aspect ratio (mean building height to width) cases (Standard, 1; Tall, 3) plus two additional fractal iterations of each. The six models have the same mean building width, height, and frontal area but their length scale characteristics differ. These are used in wind tunnel experiments within a deep turbulent boundary layer. The length scale differences are found to affect the drag force exerted by the buildings in a non-negligible way (up to 5 and 13% for Standard and Tall buildings, respectively). The added length scales also modify the wake lateral spread and intensity of the turbulence fluctuations, with smaller the length scales having the lower (higher) intensity of fluctuations in the near (far) wake. Additionally, the strength of the vortex shedding emanating from the buildings is reduced by introducing systematically smaller length scales. This work suggests that omission of additional length scales can lead to inaccuracies in drag and wake recovery estimations. The reduction in intensity of vortex shedding found with each fractal iteration could have engineering applications (e.g. reducing vibration).
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6. Neutral Boundary Layer Urban Dispersion in Scaled Uniform and Nonuniform Residential Building Arrays.
PMID:日期:2024-12-26Dispersion within idealized urban environments was studied in a simulated neutrally buoyant, 1:200 scale boundary layer with the Meteorological Wind Tunnel at the EPA's Fluid Modeling Facility. The measurements are used to offer a baseline of performance for the mechanical turbulence formulation and concentration predictions of AERMOD, the EPA's preferred Gaussian dispersion model. Scaled meteorological conditions and dispersion characteristics were studied for both uniform and nonuniform building arrays oriented at 0° and 30° with respect to the flow and were compared to baseline, "rural", measurements without the presence of buildings. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measured velocity and shear stress profiles within each model configuration, whereas hydrocarbon analyzers (HCAs) measured ethane concentrations at defined points throughout the model. Four source locations were examined for each building array, with two in the urban core and two in a street canyon, each with a source within and above the building canopy. Experimental profiles, regardless of their shape, were fitted to Gaussian profiles to determine lateral and vertical plume spread and shift from the wind tunnel centerline. These parameters were compared against a no-building reference case. Concentration predictions using the formulations in AERMOD are computed for 3 variations of modeled velocity profiles for each source, using factor of 2 ( ) and fractional bias ( ) as the governing model evaluation parameters. The two urban configurations were found to decrease the performance by 34.1% and 30.1% from the no-building reference for the uniform and nonuniform cases, respectively, while producing modeled concentrations of only 48.1% and 62.4% of the 10 highest observed concentrations. These results encouraged simple first-order corrections to improve model performance with an emphasis on predicting maximum concentrations for regulatory purposes. These corrections proved successful for the uniform cases, mitigating , and improving the percentage by 11.4% with more mixed results in nonuniform configurations, highlighting the difficulty in applying uniformly derived parameterizations in realistic, nonuniform environments.
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7. Investigating Fire-Atmosphere Interaction in a Forest Canopy Using Wavelets.
PMID:日期:2024-01-01Wildland fire-atmosphere interaction generates complex turbulence patterns, organized across multiple scales, which inform fire-spread behaviour, firebrand transport, and smoke dispersion. Here, we utilize wavelet-based techniques to explore the characteristic temporal scales associated with coherent patterns in the measured temperature and the turbulent fluxes during a prescribed wind-driven (heading) surface fire beneath a forest canopy. We use temperature and velocity measurements from tower-mounted sonic anemometers at multiple heights. Patterns in the wavelet-based energy density of the measured temperature plotted on a time-frequency plane indicate the presence of fire-modulated ramp-cliff structures in the low-to-mid-frequency band (0.01-0.33 Hz), with mean ramp durations approximately 20% shorter and ramp slopes that are an order of magnitude higher compared to no-fire conditions. We then investigate heat- and momentum-flux events near the canopy top through a cross-wavelet coherence analysis. Briefly before the fire-front arrives at the tower base, momentum-flux events are relatively suppressed and turbulent fluxes are chiefly thermally-driven near the canopy top, owing to the tilting of the flame in the direction of the wind. Fire-induced heat-flux events comprising warm updrafts and cool downdrafts are coherent down to periods of a second, whereas ambient heat-flux events operate mainly at higher periods (above 17 s). Later, when the strongest temperature fluctuations are recorded near the surface, fire-induced heat-flux events occur intermittently at shorter scales and cool sweeps start being seen for periods ranging from 8 to 35 s near the canopy top, suggesting a diminishing influence of the flame and increasing background atmospheric variability thereat. The improved understanding of the characteristic time scales associated with fire-induced turbulence features, as the fire-front evolves, will help develop more reliable fire behaviour and scalar transport models.
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8. Transfer Efficiency and Organization in Turbulent Transport over Alpine Tundra.
PMID:日期:2024-01-01The exchange of momentum, heat and trace gases between atmosphere and surface is mainly controlled by turbulent fluxes. Turbulent mixing is usually parametrized using Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), which was derived for steady turbulence over homogeneous and flat surfaces, but is nevertheless routinely applied to unsteady turbulence over non-homogeneous surfaces. We study four years of eddy-covariance measurements at a highly heterogeneous alpine valley site in Finse, Norway, to gain insights into the validity of MOST, the turbulent transport mechanisms and the contributing coherent structures. The site exhibits a bimodal topography-following flux footprint, with the two dominant wind sectors characterized by organized and strongly negative momentum flux, but different anisotropy and contributions of submeso-scale motions, leading to a failure of eddy-diffusivity closures and different transfer efficiencies for different scalars. The quadrant analysis of the momentum flux reveals that under stable conditions sweeps transport more momentum than the more frequently occurring ejections, while the opposite is observed under unstable stratification. From quadrant analysis, we derive the ratio of the amount of disorganized to organized structures, that we refer to as organization ratio (OR). We find an invertible relation between transfer efficiency and corresponding organization ratio with an algebraic sigmoid function. The organization ratio further explains the scatter around scaling functions used in MOST and thus indicates that coherent structures modify MOST. Our results highlight the critical role of coherent structures in turbulent transport in heterogeneous tundra environments and may help to find new parametrizations for numerical weather prediction or climate models.
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9. Using the Sensible Heat Flux Eddy Covariance-Based Exchange Coefficient to Calculate Latent Heat Flux from Moisture Mean Gradients Over Snow.
PMID:日期:2024-01-01In absence of the high-frequency measurements of wind components, sonic temperature and water vapour required by the eddy covariance (EC) method, Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is often used to calculate heat fluxes. However, MOST requires assumptions of stability corrections and roughness lengths. In most environments and weather situations, roughness length and stability corrections have high uncertainty. Here, we revisit the modified Bowen-ratio method, which we call C-method, to calculate the latent heat flux over snow. In the absence of high-frequency water vapour measurements, we use sonic anemometer data, which have become much more standard. This method uses the exchange coefficient for sensible heat flux to estimate latent-heat flux. Theory predicts the two exchange coefficients to be equal and the method avoids assuming roughness lengths and stability corrections. We apply this method to two datasets from high mountain (Alps) and polar (Antarctica) environments and compare it with MOST and the three-layer model (3LM). We show that roughness length has a great impact on heat fluxes calculated using MOST and that different calculation methods over snow lead to very different results. Instead, the 3LM leads to good results, in part due to the fact that it avoids roughness length assumptions to calculate heat fluxes. The C-method presented performs overall better or comparable to established MOST with different stability corrections and provides results comparable to the direct EC method. An application of this method is provided for a new station installed in the Pamir mountains. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10546-024-00864-y.
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10. The Performance of GRAMM-SCI and WRF in Simulating the Surface-Energy Budget and Thermally Driven Winds in an Alpine Valley.
PMID:日期:2023-01-01Using WRF as a benchmark, GRAMM-SCI simulations are performed for a case study of thermally driven valley- and slope winds in the Inn Valley, Austria. A clear-sky, synoptically undisturbed day was selected when large spatial heterogeneities occur in the components of the surface-energy budget driven by local terrain and land-use characteristics. The models are evaluated mainly against observations from four eddy-covariance stations in the valley. While both models are able to capture the main characteristics of the surface-energy budget and the locally driven wind field, a few overall deficiencies are identified: (i) Since the surface-energy budget is closed in the models, whereas large residuals are observed, the models generally tend to overestimate the daytime sensible and latent heat fluxes. (ii) The partitioning of the available energy into sensible and latent heat fluxes remains relatively constant in the simulations, whereas the observed Bowen ratio decreases continuously throughout the day because of a temporal shift between the maxima in sensible and latent heat fluxes, which is not captured by the models. (iii) The comparison between model results and observations is hampered by differences between the real land use and the vegetation type in the model. Recent modifications of the land-surface scheme in GRAMM-SCI improve the representation of nighttime katabatic winds over forested areas, reducing the modeled wind speeds to more realistic values.