癌症免疫疗法中的树突状细胞：功能障碍、重编程策略和转化挑战
Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: functional barriers, reprogramming strategies and translational challenges.
摘要(中文译文)
肿瘤免疫治疗依赖于有效的抗原呈递和T细胞激活。抗原呈递细胞（APC），尤其是树突状细胞（DC），通过捕获肿瘤抗原、对其进行加工处理，并经主要组织相容性复合体分子将抗原肽呈递给T细胞，在这一过程中发挥核心作用。然而，APC功能在肿瘤微环境中常受损。抗原呈递减少、共刺激信号减弱、抑制性细胞因子、代谢应激以及髓源性抑制细胞和调节性T细胞的抑制作用，均限制了有效的抗肿瘤免疫。这些缺陷促进免疫逃逸并降低现有免疫治疗的疗效。在本简要综述中，我们总结了APC在抗肿瘤免疫应答中的关键作用，并讨论了主要的基于APC的治疗策略，包括树突状细胞疫苗、纳米颗粒抗原递送、mRNA疫苗平台、DC靶向递送系统以及溶瘤病毒联合方案。我们还重点介绍了旨在通过先天免疫激活、阻断免疫抑制性细胞因子和代谢调控来恢复APC活性的功能重编程方法。尽管这些策略显示出强大潜力，但其临床转化仍受限于肿瘤抗原异质性、复杂的生产制造、免疫浸润不良以及肿瘤微环境中持续存在的免疫抑制。未来基于APC的免疫治疗应超越单一的抗原呈递增强，聚焦于整合性免疫重塑。与免疫检查点阻断、先天免疫激动剂、放疗、化疗的合理联合以及生物标志物指导的患者选择，可能有助于产生更强、更持久的抗肿瘤应答。
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy depends on effective antigen presentation and T cell activation. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs), play a central role in this process by capturing tumor antigens, processing them, and presenting antigenic peptides to T cells through major histocompatibility complex molecules. However, APC function is often impaired within the tumor microenvironment. Reduced antigen presentation, weak co-stimulatory signaling, suppressive cytokines, metabolic stress, and inhibition by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells all limit effective antitumor immunity. These defects contribute to immune escape and reduce the efficacy of current immunotherapies. In this mini review, we summarize the key roles of APCs in antitumor immune responses and discuss major APC-based therapeutic strategies, including dendritic cell vaccines, nanoparticle-based antigen delivery, mRNA vaccine platforms, DC-targeted delivery systems, and oncolytic virus-based combinations. We also highlight functional reprogramming approaches that aim to restore APC activity through innate immune activation, blockade of immunosuppressive cytokines, and metabolic regulation. Although these strategies have shown strong potential, their clinical translation remains limited by tumor antigen heterogeneity, complex manufacturing, poor immune infiltration, and persistent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Future APC-based immunotherapy should move beyond single antigen presentation enhancement and focus on integrated immune remodeling. Rational combinations with immune checkpoint blockade, innate immune agonists, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biomarker-guided patient selection may help generate stronger and more durable antitumor responses.
如何引用
AMA
Ningping Xiao, Chao Chen, Xiuyu Yang, Jiajia Hao, Mian Xie, Jiangtao Wang, et al. Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: functional barriers, reprogramming strategies and translational challenges.. Frontiers in immunology. 2026; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1894189.
APA
Ningping Xiao, Chao Chen, Xiuyu Yang, Jiajia Hao, Mian Xie, Jiangtao Wang, et al (2026). Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: functional barriers, reprogramming strategies and translational challenges.. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1894189
GB/T 7714
Ningping Xiao, Chao Chen, Xiuyu Yang, Jiajia Hao, Mian Xie, Jiangtao Wang, et al. Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: functional barriers, reprogramming strategies and translational challenges.[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2026 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1894189.
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