锂电池人工界面的薄膜工程
Thin-Film Engineering of Artificial Interphases for Lithium Batteries.
摘要(中文译文)
界面不稳定性已成为锂离子电池实现更高能量密度、更长循环寿命和更高安全性的瓶颈。通过电解液自发分解形成的原生固体电解质界面相（SEI）和正极电解质界面相（CEI）具有不均匀性、动态演化且难以调控的特点，尤其是在高压正极和活泼负极处。薄膜工程化的人工SEI/CEI提供了一种策略，可实现对界面组成、厚度、结构和功能的调控。这些界面相能够调节锂离子传输、抑制电子泄漏、增强化学/电化学稳定性并改善化学-机械兼容性。然而，合理设计仍面临挑战，因为沉积方法在材料兼容性、工艺能力、共形性、可扩展性、成本和应用窗口方面存在差异。本综述建立了薄膜人工界面相的“工艺-结构-功能-应用”框架，超越了逐材料总结或特定方法涂层讨论的范畴。我们比较了原生与人工SEI/CEI，并总结了设计原则，包括离子选择性传输、电子绝缘、化学/电化学稳定性、化学-机械鲁棒性和工艺兼容性。随后我们讨论了物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积、原子层沉积和分子层沉积，重点阐述了各自的能力、局限性、权衡取舍和选择逻辑。本综述回顾了薄膜人工界面相在液态和固态锂电池中的研究进展，重点关注传输证据、失效模式、不同电解液体系的具体要求以及器件集成。最后对可规模化制造、埋藏界面表征和设计提供了展望。
Abstract
Interfacial instability has become a bottleneck for lithium batteries targeting higher energy density, longer cycle life, and safety. Native solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and cathode electrolyte interphases (CEIs), formed through spontaneous electrolyte decomposition, are heterogeneous, dynamically evolving, and difficult to regulate, especially at high-voltage cathodes and reactive anodes. Thin-film-engineered artificial SEI/CEI offers a strategy by enabling control over interfacial composition, thickness, architecture, and function. These interphases can regulate Li transport, suppress electronic leakage, enhance chemical/electrochemical stability, and improve chemomechanical compatibility. However, rational design remains challenging because deposition methods differ in material compatibility, process capability, conformality, scalability, cost, and application windows. This review establishes a process-structure-function-application framework for thin-film artificial interphases, beyond material-by-material summaries or method-specific coating discussions. We compare native and artificial SEI/CEI and summarize design principles, including ion-selective transport, electronic insulation, chemical/electrochemical stability, chemomechanical robustness, and process compatibility. We then discuss physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, and molecular layer deposition, highlighting capabilities, limitations, trade-offs, and selection logic. Advances in thin-film artificial interphases for liquid-state and solid-state lithium batteries are reviewed, emphasizing transport evidence, failure modes, electrolyte-family-specific requirements, and device integration. Perspectives are provided on scalable manufacturing, buried-interface characterization, and design.
如何引用
AMA
Xinrui Xu, Mingming Zheng, Xiaofei Wang, Haibin Lin, Changmin Hou, Weimin Huang, et al. Thin-Film Engineering of Artificial Interphases for Lithium Batteries.. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 2026; doi:10.1002/smll.74311.
APA
Xinrui Xu, Mingming Zheng, Xiaofei Wang, Haibin Lin, Changmin Hou, Weimin Huang, et al (2026). Thin-Film Engineering of Artificial Interphases for Lithium Batteries.. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.74311
GB/T 7714
Xinrui Xu, Mingming Zheng, Xiaofei Wang, Haibin Lin, Changmin Hou, Weimin Huang, et al. Thin-Film Engineering of Artificial Interphases for Lithium Batteries.[J]. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026 doi:10.1002/smll.74311.
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