胶质瘤中的外泌体：整合分子机制与诊断和治疗潜力
Exosomes in Glioma: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.
摘要(中文译文)
胶质瘤是一种致死性颅内恶性肿瘤，治疗选择有限，是肿瘤学领域最为持久的挑战之一。随着分子肿瘤学新时代的到来，外泌体——纳米级细胞外囊泡——已成为细胞间通讯的主调控者，动态塑造胶质瘤肿瘤微环境（TME），并协调恶性肿瘤的标志性特征，包括免疫逃逸、血管生成和治疗耐药。这些多功能囊泡运输生物活性货物（如miRNA、lncRNA、蛋白质），重编程基质细胞、神经元和免疫细胞，为肿瘤进展创造有利的生态位。近期的突破使外泌体处于转化医学的前沿，兼具微创生物标志物和工程化纳米载体用于精准治疗的双重角色。本综述系统解析外泌体如何驱动胶质瘤发病机制——从促进巨噬细胞极化和T细胞抑制，到促进血脑屏障破坏和化疗耐药。除机制性见解外，我们重点介绍利用外泌体进行药物递送、免疫治疗和纳米技术驱动干预的开创性策略。通过将基础发现与临床应用相衔接，本工作预示着胶质瘤管理的新时代，其中基于外泌体的工具有望彻底改变个性化诊断、预后判断和治疗创新。
Abstract
Glioma, a lethal intracranial malignancy with limited therapeutic options, represents one of oncology's most persistent challenges. Entering a new era of molecular oncology, exosomes-nanoscale extracellular vesicles-have emerged as master regulators of intercellular communication, dynamically sculpting the glioma tumor microenvironment (TME) and orchestrating hallmarks of malignancy, including immune evasion, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. These versatile vesicles transport bioactive cargo (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, proteins) to reprogram stromal, neuronal, and immune cells, creating a permissive niche for tumor progression. Recent breakthroughs now position exosomes at the forefront of translational medicine, serving dual roles as minimally invasive biomarkers and engineered nanovectors for precision therapy. This review systematically deciphers how exosomes fuel glioma pathogenesis-from driving macrophage polarization and T-cell suppression to facilitating blood-brain barrier disruption and chemoresistance. Beyond mechanistic insights, we spotlight pioneering strategies harnessing exosomes for drug delivery, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology-driven interventions. By bridging foundational discoveries with clinical applications, this work heralds a new era in glioma management, where exosome-based tools promise to revolutionize personalized diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic innovation.
如何引用
AMA
Yantong Liu, Yingdi Nie, Hao Zhang, Wantao Wu, Nan Zhang, Zhiwei Xia, et al. Exosomes in Glioma: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 2026; doi:10.1002/smll.73721.
APA
Yantong Liu, Yingdi Nie, Hao Zhang, Wantao Wu, Nan Zhang, Zhiwei Xia, et al (2026). Exosomes in Glioma: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73721
GB/T 7714
Yantong Liu, Yingdi Nie, Hao Zhang, Wantao Wu, Nan Zhang, Zhiwei Xia, et al. Exosomes in Glioma: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.[J]. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026 doi:10.1002/smll.73721.
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