{"_":"Effects of an Stem and Leaf- Stem and Leaf Mixture on Serum Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolomic Profiles in Simmental Weaned Bull Calves.","i":["Astragalus membranaceus","Angelica sinensis"]}
本研究评估了茎叶混合物（AASL）作为药用饲料添加剂对断奶西门塔尔公牛犊免疫功能、抗氧化状态、炎症反应、肠道微生物群及血清代谢组的影响。犊牛饲喂含不同水平AASL的日粮，测定血清免疫球蛋白、炎症细胞因子和抗氧化指标。此外，分析了粪便短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度、肠道微生物群组成及血清代谢谱，并对微生物群、SCFAs与代谢物之间进行了相关性分析。结果表明，AASL富含粗蛋白、粗脂肪和微量元素。添加4% AASL可提高血清免疫球蛋白（IgG和IgM）水平，降低肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平，并增强超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）活性（P < 0.01或P < 0.001），表明免疫和抗氧化状态改善、炎症反应减轻。AASL还富集了有益菌属，抑制了潜在有害菌群，并提高了SCFA浓度。差异代谢物主要富集于色氨酸代谢、脂质代谢、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、鞘脂信号通路及ATP结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白通路。整合微生物群-代谢物分析进一步提示，AASL通过协同调控肠道微生物群、SCFAs产生及相关代谢通路改善宿主代谢状态。总体而言，AASL作为改善犊牛健康的功能性饲料添加剂具有良好前景。
This study evaluated the effects of an stem and leaf- stem and leaf mixture (AASL) as a medicinal feed supplement on immune function, antioxidant status, inflammatory responses, gut microbiota and the serum metabolome in weaned Simmental bull calves. Calves were fed diets containing different levels of AASL, and serum immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant indices were determined. In addition, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, gut microbiota composition, and serum metabolic profiles were analyzed, followed by correlation analyses among the microbiota, SCFAs and metabolites. The results showed that AASL was rich in crude protein, crude fat and trace elements. 4% AASL supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels, decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities ( < 0.01 or < 0.001), indicating improved immune and antioxidant status and attenuated inflammatory responses. AASL also enriched beneficial bacterial genera, suppressed potentially harmful taxa, and increased SCFA concentrations. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in tryptophan metabolism, lipid metabolism, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, sphingolipid signaling, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathways. Integrated microbiota metabolite analysis further suggested that AASL improved host metabolic status through the coordinated regulation of gut microbiota, SCFAs production and related metabolic pathways. Overall, AASL shows promise as a functional feed supplement for improving calf health.
Hongya Li, Nianshou Zhao, Min Yang, Yongli Hua, Yanming Wei, Peng Ji. {"_":"Effects of an Stem and Leaf- Stem and Leaf Mixture on Serum Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolomic Profiles in Simmental Weaned Bull Calves.","i":["Astragalus membranaceus","Angelica sinensis"]}. Veterinary sciences. 2026; doi:10.3390/vetsci13050414.
Hongya Li, Nianshou Zhao, Min Yang, Yongli Hua, Yanming Wei, Peng Ji (2026). {"_":"Effects of an Stem and Leaf- Stem and Leaf Mixture on Serum Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolomic Profiles in Simmental Weaned Bull Calves.","i":["Astragalus membranaceus","Angelica sinensis"]}. Veterinary sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13050414
Hongya Li, Nianshou Zhao, Min Yang, Yongli Hua, Yanming Wei, Peng Ji. {"_":"Effects of an Stem and Leaf- Stem and Leaf Mixture on Serum Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolomic Profiles in Simmental Weaned Bull Calves.","i":["Astragalus membranaceus","Angelica sinensis"]}[J]. Veterinary sciences, 2026 doi:10.3390/vetsci13050414.
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