膳食补充剂对轻度认知障碍患者认知结果和生理生物标志物的影响：系统综述和网络荟萃分析
Effects of dietary supplements on cognitive outcomes and physiological biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
摘要(中文译文)
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是正常衰老与痴呆之间的过渡阶段，影响着相当比例的老年人群。非药物性营养补充剂，如维生素、ω-3脂肪酸、益生菌和植物提取物，已被提出作为减缓认知衰退和改善生理生物标志物的潜在干预措施。然而，其疗效证据仍不一致。本系统评价和网状Meta分析（NMA）旨在评估各种非药物性营养补充剂对MCI老年个体认知功能及关键生理指标（如BDNF、Aβ42、Aβ40）的有效性。本系统评价遵循PRISMA-NMA指南，并在PROSPERO注册（CRD420251079079）。我们检索了PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和CNKI数据库自建库至2025年6月的随机对照试验（RCT），比较膳食补充剂与安慰剂或无干预。数据提取包括认知评分（如MMSE、MoCA、FSIQ）和生理标志物。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具评估偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型进行配对Meta分析和NMA，连续结局以标准化均数差（SMD）表示。通过统计量评估异质性，并进行敏感性分析以检验稳健性。共纳入13项试验，涉及2,451名参与者。PUFA补充剂显示出最大的认知获益（0.91；0.21-1.61），并根据SUCRA值排名第一。补充剂显著降低了Aβ42水平，而对BDNF和Aβ40的影响不显著。异质性较大（=96%），敏感性分析显示剔除高偏倚风险研究后效应量减弱。膳食补充剂可能对MCI提供潜在的认知获益，但证据受到研究质量和异质性的限制。需要高质量RCT来证实这些发现。注册号CRD420251079079。
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, affecting a significant proportion of the elderly population. Non-pharmacological nutritional supplements, such as vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and herbal extracts, have been proposed as potential interventions to mitigate cognitive decline and improve physiological biomarkers. However, evidence on their efficacy remains inconsistent. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological nutritional supplements on cognitive function and key physiological indicators (e.g., BDNF, Aβ42, Aβ40) in elderly individuals with MCI. This systematic review followed PRISMA-NMA guideline and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251079079). We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI databases from inception to June 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dietary supplements to placebo or no intervention. Data extraction included cognitive scores (e.g., MMSE, MoCA, FSIQ) and physiological markers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Pairwise meta-analyses and NMA were conducted using random-effects models, with standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed via statistics, and sensitivity analyses were performed to test robustness. Thirteen trials involving 2,451 participants were included. PUFA supplements showed the greatest cognitive benefit ( 0.91; 0.21-1.61) and ranked first according to SUCRA values. Supplementation significantly reduced Aβ42 levels, while effects on BDNF and Aβ40 were non-significant. Heterogeneity was substantial ( = 96%), and sensitivity analyses demonstrated attenuated effect sizes after removing studies at high risk of bias. Dietary supplements may offer potential cognitive benefits in MCI, but evidence is limited by study quality and heterogeneity. High-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings. Identifier CRD420251079079.
如何引用
AMA
Xiaolong Wang, Shan Jiang, Tianle Zou, Shuhui Shang, Enming Zhang, Lan Rong, et al. Effects of dietary supplements on cognitive outcomes and physiological biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.. Frontiers in nutrition. 2026; doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1775177.
APA
Xiaolong Wang, Shan Jiang, Tianle Zou, Shuhui Shang, Enming Zhang, Lan Rong, et al (2026). Effects of dietary supplements on cognitive outcomes and physiological biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.. Frontiers in nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1775177
GB/T 7714
Xiaolong Wang, Shan Jiang, Tianle Zou, Shuhui Shang, Enming Zhang, Lan Rong, et al. Effects of dietary supplements on cognitive outcomes and physiological biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.[J]. Frontiers in nutrition, 2026 doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1775177.
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