新冠肺炎政策放宽后的呼吸道传染病流行病学：中国厦门的回顾性研究
Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases after the relaxation of COVID-19 policies: a retrospective study in Xiamen, China.
摘要(中文译文)
本研究旨在分析中国放宽新型冠状病毒感染防控措施后一年内，福建省厦门市呼吸道传染病的流行病学特征。我们利用咽拭子抗原检测、聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测和血清学IgM检测，对六种常见呼吸道病原体的检测数据进行了全面的统计分析。对于某病原体，诊断依赖于血清学IgM或快速PCR检测，当两种方法同时应用时，以PCR结果优先。甲型/乙型流感病毒通过咽拭子抗原或PCR检测进行鉴定，同样以PCR结果优先。呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒和腺病毒仅通过PCR检测。甲型流感病毒是最常见的病原体（32.5%），其次是某病原体（18.0%）。季节性趋势各异：甲型流感在春季达到高峰，而某病原体在秋季和冬季激增。在年龄分布方面，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和人鼻病毒在0-4岁年龄组中占主导地位；其他呼吸道病毒在5-14岁年龄组中占主导地位；尽管甲型和乙型流感病毒在15-44岁年龄组中显示相对较高的阳性率。值得注意的是，在几种病原体中观察到了显著的性别差异（P < 0.05）。本研究提供了厦门市大流行后呼吸道病原体的详细流行病学概况，突出了不同年龄段的易感性和季节性模式。这些发现为制定有针对性的、分阶段的干预策略以减轻大流行时代的疾病负担提供了实践指导。
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological patterns of respiratory infectious diseases in Xiamen, Fujian Province, over the year following the relaxation of China's COVID-19 control measures. We conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis of testing data for the six prevalent respiratory pathogens, utilizing throat swab antigen tests, PCR assays, and serological IgM testing. For , diagnosis relied on serological IgM or rapid PCR testing, with PCR results prioritized when both methods were applied. Influenza A/B viruses were identified through throat swab antigen or PCR testing, again favoring PCR outcomes. Respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus were exclusively detected via PCR. Influenza A virus emerged as the most prevalent pathogen (32.5%), followed by (18.0%). Seasonal trends varied: influenza A peaked in spring, while surged in autumn and winter. Age-wise, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus predominate in the 0-4 age group; other respiratory viruses predominate in the 5-14 age group; though influenza A and B viruses show relatively high positivity rates in the 15-44 age group. Notably, significant gender disparities were observed across several pathogens ( < 0.05). This study provides a detailed epidemiological snapshot of post-pandemic respiratory pathogens in Xiamen, highlighting distinct age-specific vulnerabilities and seasonal patterns. These findings offer practical guidance for developing targeted, stage-specific intervention strategies to mitigate disease burden in the post-pandemic era.
如何引用
AMA
Linlin Qu, Xiaojun Jing, Ruopei Wang, Kai Zhang, Meiying Su, Lanlan Lian, et al. Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases after the relaxation of COVID-19 policies: a retrospective study in Xiamen, China.. Frontiers in public health. 2026; doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1759146.
APA
Linlin Qu, Xiaojun Jing, Ruopei Wang, Kai Zhang, Meiying Su, Lanlan Lian, et al (2026). Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases after the relaxation of COVID-19 policies: a retrospective study in Xiamen, China.. Frontiers in public health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1759146
GB/T 7714
Linlin Qu, Xiaojun Jing, Ruopei Wang, Kai Zhang, Meiying Su, Lanlan Lian, et al. Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases after the relaxation of COVID-19 policies: a retrospective study in Xiamen, China.[J]. Frontiers in public health, 2026 doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1759146.
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