中国老年慢性心力衰竭患者体重指数管理能力的多变量分析：一项横断面研究

摘要(中文译文)

本研究旨在调查中国老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者体质指数（BMI）管理能力的现状，识别关键影响因素，并为制定针对性干预策略提供循证建议。研究纳入550例确诊为CHF的老年患者。采用三份工具对参与者进行评估：一般资料问卷、CHF BMI管理量表及慢性病自我效能量表。运用描述性统计、Pearson相关分析、单因素分析及多元线性回归分析评估BMI管理能力水平并识别影响因素。CHF BMI管理量表的平均得分为17.43 ± 9.21，表明BMI管理能力总体处于较低水平。慢性病自我效能量表的平均得分为31.95 ± 8.97。慢性病自我效能量表得分与CHF BMI管理量表得分之间呈正相关（ = 0.34， < 0.01）。多元线性回归分析确定，家庭对患者健康状况的关注、慢性病自我效能、慢性心力衰竭（CHF）亚型及病程是BMI管理能力的显著决定因素（ < 0.01）。这些变量共同解释了BMI管理能力观测变异量的17.9%。值得注意的是，家庭对患者健康状况的关注被确定为该人群中BMI管理能力的首要决定因素。老年CHF患者的BMI管理能力有限，受多种因素影响，其中家庭对健康状况的关注是最关键的影响因素。医疗保健提供者应依据这些关键影响因素制定并实施针对性的BMI管理干预措施，以改善老年CHF患者的临床结局和生活质量。

Abstract

This study aims to examine the current status of body mass index (BMI) management capabilities among senior patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in China, identify key influencing factors, and provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of targeted intervention strategies. The study enrolled 550 senior patients diagnosed with CHF. Participants were assessed using three instruments: a general information questionnaire, a CHF BMI management scale, and a chronic disease self-efficacy scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to evaluate the level of BMI management capabilities and to identify influencing factors. The mean score on the CHF BMI management scale was 17.43 ± 9.21, indicating an overall low level of BMI management capability. The mean score on the chronic disease self-efficacy scale was 31.95 ± 8.97. A positive correlation was observed between the scores on the chronic disease self-efficacy scale and the CHF BMI management scale ( = 0.34, < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis identified family attention to patients' health status, chronic disease self-efficacy, the subtype of chronic heart failure (CHF), and the duration of the disease as significant determinants of BMI management capabilities ( < 0.01). Collectively, these variables accounted for 17.9% of the variance observed in BMI management capabilities. Notably, family attention to the patients' health status was identified as the primary determinant of BMI management capabilities in this population. Senior patients with CHF demonstrate limited BMI management capabilities, influenced by multiple factors; with family attention to health status being the most critical influencing factor. Healthcare providers should develop and implement targeted interventions for BMI management informed by these key influencing factors to improve the clinical outcomes and the quality of life for senior CHF patients.

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