自我控制力 self-control - PubMed 文献
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关于 自我控制力
自我控制力（self-control）指个体调节自身思想、情绪与行为以达成长期目标或符合社会规范的心理能力，属于心理学、行为医学与神经科学交叉的核心概念。其英文术语为 self-control，常见近义词包括 self-regulation（自我调节）、impulse control（冲动控制）、willpower（意志力）及 effortful control（努力控制）。在学术文献中，自我控制力常被视作一种有限的认知资源，涉及前额叶皮层、执行功能与延迟满足等机制。它既是发展心理学中儿童社会化的关键指标，也是健康心理学中解释成瘾、饮食失调、拖延与暴力行为的重要变量。临床与公共卫生研究亦关注自我控制力与精神障碍、慢性病管理及学业成就之间的关联。
自我控制力研究的热点议题涵盖：自我损耗（ego depletion）效应的可重复性争论、延迟满足范式（如棉花糖实验）的长期预测效度、执行功能与自我控制的神经基础、以及正念训练与行为干预对自我控制力的提升作用。经典理论包括自我调节力量模型与过程模型。代表性期刊有《Journal of Personality and Social Psychology》《Psychological Science》《Self and Identity》及《Trends in Cognitive Sciences》。学者如 Roy Baumeister、Walter Mischel、Angela Duckworth 与 Terrie Moffitt 的成果被广泛引用。当前研究亦关注数字媒体使用、睡眠剥夺与压力对自我控制的影响，以及跨文化差异。
PubMed增强版为关注自我控制力的研究者与临床工作者提供多项实用功能：支持中英文摘要对照翻译，降低非英语母语者的阅读门槛；展示期刊影响因子与分区信息，辅助快速评估文献权威性；提供原文PDF下载链接，便于获取全文；内置AI阅读工具可自动提炼研究设计、样本特征与核心结论，提升文献筛选效率。这些功能帮助用户从大量相关文献中高效定位高质量证据，节省时间并优化阅读体验。
自我控制力 的 PubMed 搜索结果
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1. Is Self-Control an "Angel" or a "Devil"? The Effect of Internet Game Disorder on Adolescent Subjective Well-Being.
1. 自控力是“天使”还是“魔鬼”？网络游戏障碍对青少年主观幸福感的影响PMID:日期:2021-10-26[中文摘要] 近期研究表明，网络游戏障碍（Internet game disorder，IGD）是青少年主观幸福感的重要风险因素。然而，关于这一关系背后中介与调节机制的研究较少。本研究考察了睡眠质量在IGD与青少年主观幸福感关系中的中介作用，以及自我控制在这一中介过程中的调节作用。我们收集了2767名中国青少年（平均年龄=14.42岁，=1.55）的数据以检验我们的理论模型。这些青少年分别完成了关于IGD、主观幸福感、睡眠质量和自我控制的自我报告问卷。在控制人口学变量后，IGD与青少年主观幸福感呈负相关。中介分析表明，睡眠质量部分中介了IGD与青少年主观幸福感之间的关联。有调节的中介检验进一步揭示，该中介路径还受到自我控制的调节。具体而言，这些效应在自我控制水平较高的青少年中更强，表现为认知失调。这些发现增进了我们对IGD如何以及何时与青少年主观幸福感相关的认识。我们讨论了本研究的启示与局限。
[英文摘要] Recent studies have shown that Internet game disorder (IGD) is a significant risk factor of subjective well-being among adolescents. However, there are few studies about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study examined the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between IGD and adolescent subjective well-being, and the moderating role of self-control in this mediational process. We collected data from 2,767 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 14.42 years, = 1.55) to test our theoretical model. Those adolescents completed self-reported questionnaires on IGD, subjective well-being, sleep quality, and self-control, respectively. After controlling for demographic variables, IGD was negatively associated with adolescent subjective well-being. Mediation analysis indicates that sleep quality partially mediates the association between IGD and adolescent subjective well-being. Tests of moderated mediation further reveal that the mediated path was also moderated by self-control. Specifically, these effects are stronger in adolescents with higher self-control, manifesting as cognitive dissonance. These findings advance our knowledge of how and when IGD relates to subjective well-being among adolescents. We discussed implications and limitations of this study.
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2. Understanding the antecedents of healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviours: Grit, motivation and self-control.
2. 理解健康与不健康体重控制行为的前因：坚毅、动机与自我控制PMID:日期:2021-12-10[中文摘要] 了解导致体重控制行为的心理前因或个人因素，有助于制定更有效的预防策略。本相关研究采用非实验性、定量、横断面的设计。研究检验了一个模型，将动机类型（自主性动机、受控性动机和无动机）作为坚毅人格与健康及不健康体重控制行为之间关系的中介变量，并将自我控制作为上述间接效应的调节变量。研究地点为墨西哥蒙特雷（新莱昂州）。样本为1219名成年人（男性=599；女性=620）的代表性样本，年龄18至65岁（M=29.37，sd=11.83）。研究结果支持了动机类型的中介作用。具体而言，坚毅通过自主性动机对健康体重控制行为表现出正向间接效应。相反，坚毅通过自主性动机对不健康体重控制行为表现出负向间接效应。此外，研究结果支持了自我控制在无动机与健康及不健康体重控制行为之间关系中的调节作用。本研究为坚毅在采取健康或不健康控制行为中的关键作用提供了证据，同时也为自主性动机在健康行为形成中的作用提供了证据。
[英文摘要] To understand the psychological antecedents or personal factors that lead to weight control behaviours that can help to develop more effective prevention strategies. The present correlational study has a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional design. A model was tested considering types of motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation) as mediators in the relationship between the Grit personality and healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviours, with self-control as a moderator in the aforementioned indirect effects. Monterrey (Nuevo León, México). A representative sample of 1219 adults (men = 599; women = 620) aged 18-65 years (M = 29·37, sd = 11·83). Findings supported the mediator role of the types of motivation. Specifically, Grit showed a positive indirect effect on healthy weight control behaviours through autonomous motivation. Conversely, Grit showed a negative indirect effect on unhealthy weight control behaviours through autonomous motivation. Furthermore, findings supported the moderator role of self-control in the relationship between amotivation and healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviours. This study provides evidence for the key role of Grit in the adoption of healthy or unhealthy control behaviours, as well as the role of autonomous motivation in the development of healthy behaviours.
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3. Risk-Taking Behavior Among Male Adolescents: The Role of Observer Presence and Individual Self-Control.
3. 男性青少年的冒险行为：观察者在场与个体自控力的作用PMID:日期:2022-07-21[中文摘要] 已有不少研究基于双系统模型关注同伴对青少年冒险行为的影响及其发展差异。然而，鲜有研究探讨不同观察者的效应、不同水平个体自我控制的作用及其交互作用。为填补这一空白，本研究采用实验设计考察了观察者在场与个体自我控制对男性青少年冒险行为的主效应及交互效应。共261名男性青少年（M = 15.79 ± 0.79，范围 = 14-18岁）在观察者（同伴或成人，男性或女性）在场的情况下完成了一项改编的红绿灯任务，用以测量冒险行为。结果表明，同性同伴在场和低自我控制均为男性青少年冒险行为的风险因素，但只有在同性同伴在场时，低自我控制的男性青少年才会出现严重冒险行为，而高自我控制的男性青少年在任何条件下均始终保持较低的冒险水平。异性观察者，尤其是异性成人在场，对低自我控制的男性青少年起到了类似的保护作用。研究结果提示，与认知控制系统密切相关的高水平自我控制可能显著缓冲激活社会情绪系统的不良社会刺激对男性青少年冒险行为的负面影响；研究结果还揭示，异性成人在场可能通过改善男性青少年的认知控制系统而有助于降低其冒险行为。
[英文摘要] A number of studies have focused on the same-sex peer effect on and the developmental difference in adolescent risk-taking in terms of the dual systems model. Little research, however, addresses the effects of different observers, the role of different levels of individual self-control, and their interactions. To fill this gap, the present study examined the main and interactive effects of observer presence and individual self-control on male adolescents' risk-taking behavior with an experimental design. A total of 261 male adolescents (M = 15.79 ± 0.79, range = 14-18) completed an adapted Stoplight Task, which measures risk-taking behavior, in the presence of an observer, either peer or adult, either male or female. The results indicated that a same-sex peer's presence and low self-control were both risk factors of male adolescents' risk-taking, but did only low self-control male adolescents take serious risks when in the presence of a same-sex peer whereas those with high self-control consistently had low levels of risk-taking under any condition. An opposite-sex observer, particularly an opposite-sex adult's presence, played a similar protective role for male adolescents with low self-control. The findings suggest that a high level of self-control closely related to the cognitive control system may significantly buffer the negative effect of an adverse social stimulus which activates the social-emotional system on male adolescents' risk-taking; the findings also reveal that an opposite-sex adult's presence may contribute to a decrease in male adolescents' risk-taking by improving their cognitive control system.
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4. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: A six-month randomized controlled intervention trial.
4. 综合自我控制训练对抑郁大学生的益处：一项为期六个月的随机对照干预试验PMID:日期:2017-10-03[中文摘要] 抑郁障碍与自我调节功能失调有关。本研究旨在设计并检验一项以行为激活为总体重点的综合自我控制训练（CSCT）方案，对象为抑郁的中国大学生。参与者包括74名被诊断为重性抑郁的学生，他们被随机分配到两组之一：干预组（n=37）和对照组（n=37）。干预组参与者接受为期八周的CSCT以及四个月的随访巩固方案，对照组仅接受前测、后测及随访测量。所有参与者在三个时间点测量贝克抑郁量表（BDI-Ⅱ）和自我控制量表（SCS）：基线、训练后和四个月随访。在六个月干预结束时，干预组脱落6人（8.1%），对照组脱落3人（4.1%）。一般线性模型重复测量方差分析显示，与对照组相比，干预组参与者的特质自我控制得分提高更多，同时其抑郁症状显著改善。单因素分析和logistic回归分析显示，基线抑郁症状较轻的参与者更可能从CSCT干预中获益；抑郁改善还与参加训练的次数有关。主要局限性在于样本量较小，且由相对年轻、受教育程度较高的大学生组成。本研究表明，CSCT方案可暂时增强自我控制能力并改善抑郁症状；轻至中度抑郁且能够坚持训练方案的参与者更可能从干预中获益。
[英文摘要] Depressive disorder was associated with dysfunctional self-regulation. The current study attempted to design and test a comprehensive self-control training (CSCT) program with an overall emphasis on behaviral activation in depressed Chinese college students. Participants included 74 students who had diagnosed with major depression, they were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: intervention group (n=37), and control group (n=37). The intervention participants received an eight-week CSCT and four-month follow-up consolidation program, as compared to the control group who received only pre-post-and-follow-up measurements. All participants measured Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-Ⅱ) and Self-control Scale (SCS) at three time points: baseline, post-training, and four-month follow-up. The dropout rates were 6 (8.1%) in the intervention group and 3 (4.1%) in the control group at the end of six-month intervention. The general linear model repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that comparing with the control group, the intervention group participants had more increase in their trait self-control score, at the meantime, their depressive symptoms had significantly improved. Univariate and logistic regression analyses revealed that participants with milder baseline depressive symptoms were more likely to benefit from CSCT interventions; depression improvement was also associated with the number of sessions attended. The main limitation was related to the small sample size which consisted of college students who were relatively young and well educated. The current study demonstrates that CSCT program could temporarily enhance self-control capacity as well as improve depressive symptoms; participants who are mildly to moderately depressed, and who could adhere to the training protocol are more likely to benefit from the intervention.
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5. The effect and mechanism of physical exercise on ego depletion in college students.
5. 体育锻炼对大学生自我损耗的影响及其机制PMID:日期:2025-10-08[中文摘要] 在学业压力不断上升和就业市场需求日益提高的背景下，大学生越来越多地面临心理健康挑战。本研究探讨体育锻炼如何影响大学生的自我损耗，并运用自我控制资源模型来理解其内在过程。本研究包括两个部分。第一部分，我们对1032名大学生（平均年龄20.29岁；男性592名，女性440名）进行问卷调查，考察负性生活事件、自我控制、体育锻炼与自我损耗之间的关系。第二部分，104名学生（平均年龄19.89岁；男性54名，女性50名）参加了为期四周的运动干预。他们每周完成三次18分钟的高强度运动，共计12次，以评估自我控制和自我损耗的变化。调查结果显示，负性生活事件与自我损耗增加和自我控制降低有关。自我控制在负性生活事件影响自我损耗的过程中起部分中介作用。此外，规律的体育锻炼减轻了压力性生活事件对自我控制的负面影响，尤其是在较高水平时。运动干预显著改善了学生的自我控制并减少了自我损耗。体育锻炼作为一种保护性因素，有助于学生在压力下维持自我控制并抵抗自我损耗。通过将大规模调查数据与实验干预相结合，本研究独特地提供了运动在缓解大学生自我损耗中作用的横断面证据和初步因果推断。
[英文摘要] Amid rising academic pressures and heightened job market demands, college students increasingly experience mental health challenges. This study explores how physical exercise affects ego depletion among college students, using the self-control resource model to understand the underlying processes. The study included two parts. First, we surveyed 1032 college students (average age: 20.29 years; 592 males, 440 females) to examine the relationships among negative life events, self-control, physical exercise, and ego depletion. In the second part, 104 students (average age: 19.89 years; 54 males, 50 females) participated in a four-week exercise intervention. They completed three 18-minute high-intensity exercise sessions per week, totaling 12 sessions, to assess changes in self-control and ego depletion. The survey results showed that negative life events were linked to increased ego depletion and lower self-control. Self-control partially explained how negative life events affected ego depletion. Additionally, regular physical exercise reduced the negative impact of stressful life events on self-control, especially at higher levels. The exercise intervention significantly improved students' self-control and reduced ego depletion. Physical exercise serves as a protective factor that helps students maintain self-control and resist ego depletion under stress. By integrating large-scale survey data with an experimental intervention, this study uniquely provides both correlational evidence and preliminary causal insight into the role of exercise in mitigating ego depletion among college students.
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6. Neural basis linking self-control with achievement motivation: Functional connectivity between left dlPFC and right inferior temporal gyrus.
6. 连接自我控制与成就动机的神经基础：左侧背外侧前额叶与右侧颞下回之间的功能连接PMID:日期:2025-09-01[中文摘要] 成就动机是一种基本的心理构念，它构成并预测了广泛的人类适应性行为，包括目标设定以及学业和社会领域中的表现。尽管既往研究表明自我控制与成就动机相关，但自我控制与成就动机之间关联所依赖的神经基础仍不清楚。为解决这一问题，我们采用静息态功能连接（RSFC）和中介分析方法，在发现样本（N = 685）和重复样本（N = 210）中探讨自我控制与成就动机关系的神经基础。在发现样本中，我们发现自我控制与成就动机之间存在显著正相关。在神经层面，左侧背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）与右侧颞上回（STG）、右侧颞下回（ITG）以及左侧颞中回（MTG）之间的功能连接与自我控制呈负相关。此外，中介分析表明，自我控制完全中介了左侧dlPFC与右侧ITG之间的功能连接与成就动机之间的关系。在独立重复样本中重复分析也支持了发现研究中所获结果的稳健性。总之，这些发现表明，左侧dlPFC与右侧ITG之间的功能连接可能是自我控制影响成就动机的关键神经通路，从神经视角为二者之间的关联提供了新的见解。
[英文摘要] Achievement motivation serves as a fundamental psychological construct that underlies and predicts a wide range of human adaptive behaviors, including goal setting and performance across academic and social domains. Although prior research has shown that self-control is associated with achievement motivation, it remains unclear which neural substrates underlie the association between self-control and achievement motivation. To address this issue, we employed resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and mediation analysis methods to investigate the neural basis of the relationship between self-control and achievement motivation in the discovery (N = 685) and replication sample (N = 210). In discovery sample, we found a significant positive correlation between self-control and achievement motivation. On the neural level, the FC between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were negatively correlated with self-control. Furthermore, the mediation analysis demonstrated that self-control fully mediated the relationship between the FC between left dlPFC and the right ITG and achievement motivation. Repeating analyses in the independent replication sample also supported the robustness of the results obtained in the discovery study. Together these findings indicate that the FC between left dlPFC and right ITG may represent a key neural pathway through which self-control influences achievement motivation, providing new insights into their association from a neural perspective.
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7. COMPARATIVE PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SELF-CONTROL OF DIABETES MELLITUS USING GLUCOMETERS.
7. 使用血糖仪进行糖尿病自我控制的比较药物经济学分析PMID:期刊:Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) PubMed日期:2022[中文摘要] 目的：对乌克兰、摩尔多瓦和格鲁吉亚糖尿病自我控制的直接医疗费用进行药物经济学分析。本观察性横断面研究旨在查明覆盖费用的真实成本，以便就自我控制手段的报销做出决策。材料与方法：1）国际和国家糖尿病临床指南；2）来自在线药房服务的血糖仪、试纸价格信息。研究中采用了系统化、概括化和直接医疗费用的药物经济学分析方法。结果：基于对血糖控制频率建议的归纳，确定了3种情景，并据此计算费用：1型糖尿病；2型糖尿病（胰岛素治疗）；2型糖尿病（口服降糖治疗）。作者对乌克兰、摩尔多瓦和格鲁吉亚糖尿病患者自我控制的直接医疗费用进行了药物经济学分析。研究显示，乌克兰的自我控制费用最低，此外，乌克兰的血糖仪和试纸选择更为广泛。研究揭示，三国血糖仪医药市场均依赖设备进口。结论：乌克兰宜对自我控制设备，即所有类别糖尿病患者的血糖仪和试纸实行报销，这将有助于自我控制，并因此能够预防并发症的发生。持续葡萄糖监测系统的认证将增加获得新技术的机会，这些技术已在许多国家广泛使用。
[英文摘要] The aim: To pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct medical costs for self-control of diabetes in Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. Our observational, cross-sectional study aims at finding out the real costs of covering expenses in order to make decisions on the reimbursement of self-control means. Materials and methods: 1) International and national clinical guidelines for diabetes; 2) information about the prices of glucometers, test strips from online pharmacy services. Systematization, generalization and pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct medical costs were used in the study. Results: Based on the generalization of recommendations on the frequency of blood glucose control, 3 scenarios were identified, according to which the costs were calculated: Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes (insulin therapy); Type 2 diabetes (oral hypoglycemic therapy). The authors conducted pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct medical costs for self-control of DM for PWD in Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. The study shows that the lowest cost of self-control is provided in Ukraine, in addition, Ukraine has a wider choice of glucometers and test strips. It was revealed that the pharmaceutical markets for glycometers in the three countries depends on the import of equipment. Conclusions: It is advisable to introduce in Ukraine the reimbursement of self-control devices, namely, glucometers and test strips for all categories of PWD, which will contribute to self-control and, as a result, will be able to prevent the development of complications. Certification of continuous glucose monitoring systems will increase access to new technologies that are already widely used in many countries.
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8. The Role of Motivation Systems, Anxiety, and Low Self-Control in Smartphone Addiction among Smartphone-Based Social Networking Service (SNS) Users.
8. 动机系统、焦虑与低自我控制在智能手机社交网络服务（SNS）用户手机成瘾中的作用PMID:期刊:International journal of environmental research and public health PubMed日期:2022-06-05[中文摘要] 鉴于社交网络服务已成为最具影响力的平台，可导致用户产生成瘾性智能手机使用行为，因此有必要探究哪些心理变量会导致基于智能手机的社交网络服务用户产生成瘾性智能手机使用行为。然而，关于基于智能手机的社交网络服务用户心理变量与成瘾性智能手机使用之间关系的研究仍有待探索。因此，本研究旨在探讨心理因素对智能手机成瘾倾向的作用。研究从韩国5003名成年人中收集了433名基于智能手机的社交网络服务用户。采用SPSS 21.0和AMOS 23.0进行描述性统计、Pearson相关系数及路径分析。平行中介路径分析结果表明，行为抑制、行为激活驱动、焦虑和低自我控制分别直接影响智能手机成瘾倾向。行为抑制和行为激活驱动还通过焦虑的中介作用对智能手机成瘾倾向产生显著间接效应。行为抑制和行为激活乐趣通过低自我控制的中介作用对智能手机成瘾倾向产生显著间接效应。研究变量共解释了智能手机成瘾倾向总方差的38.4%。因此，在制定干预措施以减少用户成瘾性智能手机使用行为时，应考虑这些变量之间的交互关系。
[英文摘要] Given that Social Networking Service (SNS) has emerged as the most influential platform, which can lead users to addictive smartphone use, it is necessary to investigate which psychological variables lead smartphone-based SNS users to addictive smartphone use. Still, studies on the relationship between psychological variables and addictive smartphone use among smartphone-based SNS users remain to be explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of psychological factors on smartphone addiction proneness (SAP). A total of 433 smartphone-based SNS users were collected from 5003 adults in Korea. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and path analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results of a parallel-mediation path analysis demonstrated that Behavioral Inhibition (BIS), Behavioral activation (BAS) drive, anxiety, and low self-control directly influenced SAP, separately. BIS and BAS _drive also had significant indirect effects on SAP through the effect of anxiety. BIS and BAS_fun had significant indirect effects on SAP through the effect of low self-control. The study variables accounted for 38.4 of the total variances of SAP. Thus, when establishing interventions to reduce the users' addictive smartphone use, these interactive relationships of the variables should be considered.
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9. Does self-control modify the impact of interventions to change alcohol, tobacco, and food consumption? A systematic review.
9. 自我控制是否会调节改变酒精、烟草和食物消费干预措施的效果？一项系统综述PMID:日期:2018-01-11[中文摘要] 低自我控制与酒精、烟草和不健康食品摄入量增加相关。本系统综述旨在评估自我控制的个体差异是否会改变旨在减少这些产品消费的干预措施的效果，以及这些干预措施在通常消费量较大的人群中减少消费的潜力。我们检索了六个数据库，并辅以滚雪球检索和前向引文追踪。叙述性综合按以下方面归纳研究结果：消费行为（酒精、烟草、食品）；干预所针对的心理过程（反思性、非反思性或两者兼有）；以及研究设计（实验、队列或横断面）。在54项符合条件的研究中，22项报告未发现效应修饰的证据，18项报告干预措施在低自我控制者中效果较差，14项报告干预措施在低自我控制者中效果较好。这一模式与随机结果无差异。尽管自我控制常影响干预结局，但即使按消费行为、干预类型或研究设计对研究进行分层，也未发现一致的效果模式。值得注意的是，针对重构物理或经济环境的干预措施缺乏相关证据。总之，一个异质性高、质量低的证据基础表明，低自我控制对改变消费行为的干预措施效果具有不一致的调节作用。
[英文摘要] Low self-control is associated with increased consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy food. This systematic review aimed to assess whether individual differences in self-control modify the effectiveness of interventions to reduce consumption of these products, and hence their potential to reduce consumption amongst those whose consumption is generally greater. Searches of six databases were supplemented with snowball searches and forward citation tracking. Narrative synthesis summarised findings by: consumption behaviour (alcohol, tobacco, food); psychological processes targeted by the intervention (reflective, non-reflective, or both); and study design (experiment, cohort, or cross-sectional). Of 54 eligible studies, 22 reported no evidence of modification, 18 reported interventions to be less effective in those with low self-control, and 14 reported interventions to be more effective in those with low self-control. This pattern did not differ from chance. Whilst self-control often influenced intervention outcomes, there was no consistent pattern of effects, even when stratifying studies by consumption behaviour, intervention type, or study design. There was a notable absence of evidence regarding interventions that restructure physical or economic environments. In summary, a heterogeneous, low-quality evidence base suggests an inconsistent moderating effect of low self-control on the effectiveness of interventions to change consumption behaviours.
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10. I can't wait! Neural reward signals in impulsive individuals exaggerate the difference between immediate and future rewards.
10. 我等不及了！冲动个体的神经奖赏信号夸大了即时奖励与未来奖励之间的差异PMID:日期:2016-11-12[中文摘要] 等待奖励是困难的，而冲动性高、自我控制能力低的个体尤其难以做到。在本研究中，我们探讨了延迟满足任务中对奖励的神经反应是否能预测冲动性和自我控制。我们记录了参与者在进行猜测游戏时的脑电图（EEG），在该任务中，每个试次他们可能赢得大奖励或小奖励，并且奖励要么现在支付，要么在6个月后支付。评分确认，参与者更偏好即时的大奖励而非延迟的小奖励。反映即时奖励与未来奖励差异的电生理奖励信号预测了冲动性和自我控制的自我报告测量结果。此外，这些信号在间隔1周的两个 session 中具有高度可靠性，表现出像稳定人格特质一样高的时间稳定性。这些结果表明，对即时奖励的更高估值导致冲动个体将控制从延迟奖励上转移开，这说明为什么他们如此难以等待。
[英文摘要] Waiting for rewards is difficult, and highly impulsive individuals with low self-control have an especially hard time with it. Here, we investigated whether neural responses to rewards in a delayed gratification task predict impulsivity and self-control. The EEG was recorded from participants engaged in a guessing game in which on each trial they could win either a large or small reward, paid either now or after 6 months. Ratings confirmed that participants preferred immediate, large rewards over small, delayed rewards. Electrophysiological reward signals reflecting the difference between immediate and future rewards predicted self-report measures of impulsivity and self-control. Further, these signals were highly reliable across two sessions over a 1-week interval, showing high temporal stability like stable personality traits. These results suggest that greater valuation of immediate rewards causes impulsive individuals to redirect control away from delayed rewards, indicating why it is so hard for them to wait.