运动员心脏 athlete's heart - PubMed 文献
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关于 运动员心脏
运动员心脏（athlete's heart）是指长期进行高强度耐力或力量训练的运动员出现的一组生理性心脏结构与功能改变，包括窦性心动过缓、左心室肥厚、心腔扩大、心电图异常等。该概念属于运动心脏病学（sports cardiology）与心血管生理学交叉领域，需与肥厚型心肌病、扩张型心肌病等病理性重构相鉴别。近义词包括运动性心脏（exercise-induced cardiac remodeling）、运动员心脏综合征（athlete's heart syndrome）、生理性心脏肥大（physiological cardiac hypertrophy）。其核心特征是改变可逆、不伴随心功能不全，且与训练类型、强度及持续时间相关。
该方向的研究热点集中在生理性与病理性心脏重构的鉴别诊断、心电图与影像学筛查标准、性别与种族差异对心脏适应的影响、以及退役后心脏表型的回归。经典议题包括运动员猝死的病因排查、运动相关心肌纤维化的争议、以及基因-环境交互在心脏重塑中的作用。代表性期刊有《Circulation》《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》《European Heart Journal》《British Journal of Sports Medicine》等，学者如Antonio Pelliccia、Barry Maron、Sanjay Sharma等在该领域有长期贡献。
PubMed增强版可为关注运动员心脏的临床医生与研究者提供多项支持：中文翻译帮助快速理解英文摘要；影响因子与期刊分区辅助筛选高影响力文献；直接链接PDF下载减少获取全文的障碍；AI阅读功能可提炼核心结论与鉴别要点。这些工具能提升文献调研效率，尤其适合需要快速对比生理性与病理性心脏改变证据的用户。
运动员心脏 的 PubMed 搜索结果
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: practical steps for preventing sudden death. 肥厚型心肌病：预防猝死的实用措施
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a rare cause of death among the many participants in sports and recreational athletics, but it attracts widespread attention because the deaths occur in young, apparently healthy people. Differentiating HCM from conditioning hypertrophy (athlete's heart) remains a challenge. Routine detection of HCM patients is most commonly done with family history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Keys to the differential diagnosis include evidence of heterogenous left ventricle hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, unusual ECG patterns, and family history or gene mutations. Molecular detection methods for known defective genes in HCM have not yet become routine clinical tools. Athletes with unequivocal HCM should not participate in competitive sports, except for perhaps some low-intensity ones.
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CMR Mapping: The 4th-Era Revolution in Cardiac Imaging. 心脏磁共振成像映射：心脏影像学的第四次革命
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has witnessed substantial progress with the advent of parametric mapping techniques, most notably T1 and T2 mapping. These advanced techniques provide valuable insights into a wide range of cardiac conditions, including ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, inflammatory cardiomyopathies, heart valve disease, and athlete's heart. Mapping could be the first sign of myocardial injury and oftentimes precedes symptoms, changes in ejection fraction, and irreversible myocardial remodeling. The ability of parametric mapping to offer a quantitative assessment of myocardial tissue properties addresses the limitations of conventional CMR methods, which often rely on qualitative or semiquantitative data. However, challenges persist, especially in terms of standardization and reference value establishment, hindering the wider clinical adoption of parametric mapping. Future developments should prioritize the standardization of techniques to enhance their clinical applicability, ultimately optimizing patient care pathways and outcomes. In this review, we endeavor to provide insights into the potential contributions of CMR mapping techniques in enhancing the diagnostic processes across a range of cardiac conditions.
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The Athlete's Heart 2007: diseases of the coronary circulation. 2007年运动员心脏：冠状动脉循环疾病
The augmentation of myocardial function that accompanies vigorous exercise is dependent upon adequate coronary artery blood flow reserve. Coronary artery pathology may limit coronary blood flow and produce myocardial ischemia. The clinician charged with the care of athletes must have a high index of suspicion for underlying coronary artery pathology when faced with an individual with suggestive symptoms. This article discusses diseases of the coronary circulation relevant to athletes.
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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or athlete's heart? Challenges in assessment of right heart morphology and function. 致心律失常性右心室心肌病还是运动员心脏？右心形态和功能评估的挑战
The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes varies among studies, due to the disagreement in the definitions and the lack of information in this field.
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Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies. 运动员心脏性猝死：事实与谬误
The benefits of exercise for cardiovascular and general health are many. However, sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur in apparently healthy athletes who perform at the highest levels. A diverse spectrum of diseases is implicated in SCD in athletes, and while atherosclerotic coronary artery disease predominates in individuals of >35 years of age, primary cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies are prevalent in young individuals. Prevention of SCD in athletes relies on the implementation of health policies aimed at the early identification of arrhythmogenic diseases (such as cardiac screening) and successful resuscitation (such as widespread utilization of automatic external defibrillators and training members of the public on cardiopulmonary resuscitation). This review will focus on the epidemiology and aetiologies of SCD in athletes, and examine fallacies in the approach to this controversial field. Furthermore, potential strategies to prevent these tragic events will be discussed, analysing current practice, gaps in knowledge and future directions.
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Echocardiography in the evaluation of athletes. 超声心动图在运动员评价中的应用
Echocardiography is currently a widely available imaging technique that can provide useful data in the field of sports cardiology particularly in two areas: pre-participation screening and analysis of the cardiac adaptation induced by exercise. The application of pre-participation screening and especially, the type and number of used diagnostic tests remains controversial. Echocardiography has shown though, higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to the ECG, following a protocol adapted to athletes focused on ruling out the causes of sudden death and the most common disorders in this population. It is still a subject of controversy the actual cost of adding it, but depending on the type of sport, echocardiography might be cost-effective if added in the first line of examination. Regarding the evaluation of cardiac adaptation to training in athletes, echocardiography has proved to be useful in the differential diagnosis of diseases that can cause sudden death, analysing both the left ventricle (hypertrophy cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricle non compaction) and the right ventricle (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy). The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge and the clinical practical implications of it on the field of echocardiography when applied in sport cardiology areas.
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Cardiac Structure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Male Japanese Rugby Athletes. 年轻日本男性橄榄球运动员的心脏结构与心肺适能
Limited data are available on athlete's heart for rugby athletes. This study aimed to investigate cardiac structure and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness in young Japanese rugby athletes. A prospective cross-sectional study using echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was conducted on 114 male collegiate rugby players. There was a higher prevalence of increased left ventricular (LV), atrial, and aortic dimensions in the young athletes than that in previously published reports, whereas the wall thickness was within the normal range. Anthropometry and CPET analyses indicated that the forwards and backs presented muscular and endurance phenotypes, respectively. Indexed LV and aortic dimensions were significantly larger in the backs than in the forwards, and the dimensions significantly correlated with oxygen uptake measured by CPET. On the four-tiered classification for LV hypertrophy, abnormal LV geometry was found in 16% of the athletes. Notably, the resting systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in athletes with concentric abnormal geometry than in the other geometry groups, regardless of their field positions. Japanese young athletes may exhibit unique phenotypes of cardiac remodeling in association with their fitness characteristics. The four-tiered LV geometry classification potentially offers information regarding the subclinical cardiovascular risks of young athletes.
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Comparison of Nigella sativa- and exercise-induced models of cardiac hypertrophy: structural and electrophysiological features. 黑种草与运动诱导的心脏肥厚模型的比较：结构和电生理特征
Exercise training is employed as supplementary therapeutic intervention for heart failure, due to its ability to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy. In parallel, supplementation with Nigella sativa (N. sativa) was found to enhance myocardial function and induce cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we aim to compare the morphological and electrophysiological changes associated with these patterns of cardiac hypertrophy and the possible changes upon administration of N. sativa to exercise-trained animals. Fifty-six adult Wistar rats were divided into: control, Nigella-treated (N), exercise-trained (E), and Nigella-treated-exercise-trained (NE) rats. Daily 800 mg/kg N. sativa was administered orally to N and NE. E and NE ran on treadmill, 2 h/day. At the end of 8 weeks ECG, body weight (BW), heart weight (HW), and left ventricular weight (LVW) were recorded. Hematoxylin and Eosin and periodic acid-Schiff sections were prepared to study the histology of left ventricles and to measure diameter of cardiomyocytes (Cdia). HW/BW, LVW/BW, and mean Cdia were significantly higher in all experimental animals compared to the controls. Histology showed normal cardiomyocytes with no fibrosis. ECG showed significantly lower heart rates, higher QRS amplitude, and ventricular specific potential in NE group compared to control group. Supplementation of N. sativa demonstrated a synergistic effect with exercise training as Nigella-exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy had lower heart rate and well-matched electrical activity of the heart to its mass. Therefore, this model of cardiac hypertrophy might be introduced as a new therapeutic strategy for treatment for heart failure with superior advantages to exercise training.
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The role of sex, training load, and sports type in athletic cardiac remodelling: Insights from T1 and T2 mapping via cardiac magnetic resonance. 性别、训练负荷和运动类型在运动员心脏重构中的作用：来自心脏磁共振T1和T2映射的见解
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, utilising native T1 and T2 mapping, provides a non-invasive method for assessing myocardial tissue properties, contributing to the clinical evaluation of the athlete's heart. To evaluate T1 and T2 mapping alterations and their association with sex, training volume, sports type, and other standard CMR parameters of the athlete's heart. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of healthy elite athletes (≥10 training hours/week) and sedentary controls (≤5 h/week) who underwent detailed cardiology screening. CMR was performed, and native T1 and T2 values were quantified. Of the 199 healthy participants (115 elite athletes, 24 ± 5 years, 70 % males; 84 sedentary volunteers, 26 ± 3 years, 58 % males), athletes had higher ventricular volumes, left ventricular mass (LVMi), and lower ejection fractions than volunteers. Athletes showed lower T1 values (male athletes:941 ± 23 ms vs. 960 ± 21 ms, p < 0.01; female athletes:970 ± 20 ms vs. 982 ± 25 ms, p < 0.01). T1 negatively correlated with training hours and LVMi (Rho: -0.554, p < 0.001). T1 values were positively associated with female sex with 22 ms (CI 14.3, 29.7, p < 0.001) higher values than males, while each additional hour in weekly exercise volume was associated with a 0.5 ms (CI -0.84, -0.11, p = 0.011) decrease. Compared to strength and mixed athletes, endurance athletes showed more pronounced myocardial adaptation, reflected in lower T1. Sex, training volume, and type of sport significantly influence CMR-derived T1 and T2 values. This study highlights the critical need for sex- and sport-type-specific reference ranges in assessing myocardial remodelling in athletes, facilitating the distinction between benign athletic remodelling and (early) pathological changes.
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The morphologic consequences of systemic training. 系统性训练的形态学后果
The development of echocardiography in the 1970s led to the flourishing of the study of the athlete's heart. From the earliest studies, it was apparent that athletes develop enlargement of the left ventricular cavity and thickening of myocardium in response to prolonged repetitive training. The changes in echocardiographic measurements are small and often within quoted normal ranges. By comparison to sedentary controls, however, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension is increased by approximately 10%, posterior wall dimension by 15% to 20%, and calculated mass by up to 45%.