JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY民族药理学杂志
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY(英文缩写 J ETHNOPHARMACOL),ISSN 0378-8741,eISSN 1872-7573,中文译名:民族药理学杂志 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-11-01 至 2026-10-31，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 5.195 | Q1 |
| 2022 | 5.400 | Q1 |
| 2023 | 4.800 | Q1 |
| 2024 | 5.400 | Q1 |
| 2025 | 6.800 | Q1 |
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 最新收录文献
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1. Analysis of molecular events triggered by furanocoumarins in Psoralea corylifolia L. via reactive metabolites and protein adducts.
1. 基于反应性代谢物和蛋白质加合物分析补骨脂中呋喃香豆素引发的分子事件PMID:日期:2026-10-03Psoralea Fructus (PF), the dried ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., is a widely utilized Chinese medicinal herb with a long-established history in clinical practice and is known for its diverse biological activities. Although furanocoumarin is potentially hepatotoxic, exposure levels at standard clinical doses are generally insufficient to induce liver injury. Moreover, traditional processing methods and herbal combinations in clinical settings can further alleviate this hepatotoxic risk. Nevertheless, owing to metabolic activation, it is essential to remain vigilant for this potential risk, necessitating careful clinical monitoring and the avoidance of overdose or prolonged inappropriate use. The objective of this study was to elucidate the potential hepatotoxic mechanisms of PF by characterizing its metabolic profile and identifying modified proteins associated with its furanocoumarin constituents. The results provide a scientific foundation for the prevention of hepatotoxicity and for enhancing clinical safety monitoring. The chemical profile of PF was characterized using UHPLC‒Q‒TOF‒MS/MS. The metabolic activation of two furanocoumarin compounds, psoralen (PRN) and isopsoralen (ISP), was assessed both in vitro (using liver microsome systems) and in vivo (in liver tissue). A novel chemoproteomic approach that integrates the enrichment of covalently modified peptides with label-free quantitative proteomics was developed to identify direct protein targets of PRN-derived reactive metabolites (RMs) in the liver. Network pharmacology and oxidative stress marker analyses were further used to validate the biological mechanisms involved. Chemical profiling revealed 116 compounds belonging to 12 classes in PF. Quantitative studies revealed that the contents of PRN and ISP were 1.14 mg/g and 2.49 mg/g, respectively. Despite its relatively low absolute content, PRN demonstrated a profound capacity for metabolic activation in vitro and in vivo, including PRN RMs and RM-amino acid conjugates, with their abundance correlating with the severity of liver injury. The RMs were found to specifically modify five key hepatic proteins and subsequently trigger downstream responses, including oxidative stress, as evidenced by alterations in markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The systematic elucidation of these molecular events provides direct evidence for understanding the biological effects of PF. This study established an integrated chemical proteomics strategy to analyse the molecular events by which furanocoumarins in PF trigger oxidative stress via RMs and protein adducts. PRN is the primary furanocoumarin in PF, and quantitative analysis revealed that its content in PF is relatively low, at only 1.14 mg/g (approximately 0.1%). However, the active metabolites of PRN can selectively modify proteins, interfere with normal protein function, and induce oxidative stress, ultimately leading to liver injury. Therefore, despite its low content, monitoring the levels of furocoumarin components and carefully evaluating the dosage and duration of treatment during the clinical use of PF or its related preparations are necessary to prevent potential liver injury. The integrated strategy established in this study provides a valuable tool for evaluating the hepatotoxic risk of natural products and is applicable to safety assessments of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
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2. New insights into understanding Xiongzhi Qufeng Zhitong Granule's anti-migraine effects and mechanism on reserpine-induced mice: from network pharmacology, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation.
2. 基于网络药理学、分子动力学模拟及实验验证，对熊芝祛风止痛颗粒治疗利血平诱导小鼠偏头痛作用及机制的新认识PMID:日期:2026-10-03Xiongzhi Qufeng Zhitong Granule (XZQF) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula widely applied in clinical migraine treatment. Yet, the complex pathogenic mechanism of migraine remains incompletely clarified, which restricts the standardized clinical application and modern industrial transformation of XZQF. Therefore, further exploring its therapeutic effects and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms against migraine is pivotal to support its clinical optimization and popularization. This research aims to assessing the protective efficacy of XZQF against reserpine-triggered migraine injury in mice, with a core focus on exploring its modulatory effects on the 5-HTB/TPH2/CGRP signaling axis, so as to supplement the mechanistic evidence for XZQF's anti-migraine effect. A reserpine-induced migraine mouse model was successfully established in this study. We then systematically evaluated the general behavioral observation, pain threshold detection, serum and tissue biochemical index quantification, and cerebral histopathological staining after XZQF intervention. Simultaneously, we integrated the multi-dimensional research strategies of network pharmacology, multiple molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to unveil and verify the core candidate ingredients and therapeutic targets of XZQF used in treating migraine. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blot (WB) experiments were performed to verify the potential key signaling pathways regulated by XZQF. In vivo pharmacological results showed that XZQF intervention effectively reversed the weight loss and pain hypersensitivity of migraine model mice. Meanwhile, XZQF significantly balanced the abnormal levels of inflammatory-, pain-, and neurovascular regulatory- mediators in mouse serum and brain tissues, and alleviated pathological damage of cerebral neurons. Network pharmacology analysis screened out senkyunolide F, senkyunolide E, ferulic acid etc. as the candidate key components of XZQF. We further revealed that signaling pathways of the calcium signaling, PI3K-Akt, and cAMP were the targeted pathways. Importantly, molecular docking and 100 ns MD simulation results confirmed that senkyunolide F and senkyunolide E could bind stably to the 5-HTB protein, suggesting the potential functions of XZQF on modulating 5-HT system. Subsequent molecular biological verification further validated that XZQF treatment markedly upregulated 5-HTB expression, while inhibiting the protein levels of TPH2, CGRP, TRPV1, c-Fos, COX-2, and key factors in PI3K and cAMP pathways. The anti-migraine effect of XZQF is a synergistic result in the forms of "multi-component -target -pathway" regulation. Mechanistically, by activating 5-HTB expression and suppressing the TPH2/CGRP axis, as well as inhibiting the overactivation of PI3K and cAMP signaling cascades, XZQF exhibits a comprehensively migraine alleviative efficacy. Collectively, our study offers novel preclinical basics for understanding XZQF's mechanism in treating reserpine-induced migraine, and lays new insights into its clinical translational development.
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3. Flower aqueous extract of Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose attenuates influenza infection: involvement of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis.
3. 火龙果花水提物减轻流感感染：涉及TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号轴PMID:日期:2026-10-03The flowers of Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose (HUF), commonly known as "Jianhua" or "Bawanghua", represent a well-known medicinal-edible plant in South China. In folk practice, HUF is traditionally applied to ameliorate respiratory disorders, including cough, sore throat and other influenza-like symptoms. Cumulative pharmacological evidence has demonstrated that HUF extracts possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Nevertheless, its protective effects against influenza infection remain largely unclarified, with the underlying molecular mechanisms yet to be elucidated. This study sought to explore the prophylactic effects of HUF aqueous extract against influenza infection in mice, and to probe into its possible molecular mechanisms. The chemical constituents of HUF aqueous extract were characterized using UPLC-MS. HUF were intragastrically administered to mice prior to viral challenge to evaluate its prophylactic effects. Clinical symptom scores were recorded by daily observation, and lung pathological alterations were assessed via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Pulmonary viral load was quantified by plaque forming assay, and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were determined using RT-qPCR. To uncover the underlying mechanism, comparative transcriptomic profiling was conducted on mouse lung tissues. Key molecules within the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway were further validated via Western blot and RT-qPCR. In addition, a specific TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) was applied to confirm the regulatory role of TLR4. Finally, the potential of HUF combined with oseltamivir was evaluated. UPLC-MS analysis demonstrated that the HUF aqueous extract contained flavonoid glycosides, organic acids, nucleosides, and coumarin derivatives. In the H1N1-infected murine model, oral HUF treatment conferred dose-dependent protective outcomes. Compared with the untreated model group, high-dose HUF intervention effectively decreased morbidity severity of infected mice by approximately 50% and significantly alleviated influenza-induced body weight loss, while markedly ameliorating inflammatory pulmonary histopathological lesions. Further detection verified that HUF treatment suppressed viral proliferation and pulmonary inflammation, with pulmonary viral loads reduced by 24.0%-56.0% from low to high dosage, accompanied by a gradual, dose-related downregulation of viral NP protein expression and pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels. Mechanistically, HUF restrained the excessive phosphorylation and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory cascade in virus-infected lung tissues. Pharmacological blockade of TLR4 with the specific inhibitor TAK-242 failed to augment HUF's prophylactic effects, indicating that TLR4 participates in HUF-mediated protection against influenza infection. Furthermore, combined treatment with HUF and oseltamivir produced better outcomes than oseltamivir monotherapy, as evidenced by reduced pulmonary viral loads and alleviated pulmonary inflammation. This study provides the first in vivo evidence for the prophylactic effects of HUF against influenza A virus infection. Its protective action may be linked to modulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis. Collectively, our work elucidates the host-targeted antiviral properties of HUF, affording experimental support for its development as a novel adjunct for influenza intervention.
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4. Traditional Chinese Medicine for Graves' Disease: Clinical Efficacy, Pharmacological Mechanisms, and Challenges.
4. 中医药治疗格雷夫斯病：临床疗效、药理机制与挑战PMID:日期:2026-10-02Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Given the limitations of current conventional antithyroid therapy for GD, including side effects and relapse concerns, exploring alternative therapeutic options, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is of clinical interest. TCM, with its advantages of multi-component, multi-target actions and relatively mild side effects, has become a promising alternative therapy for GD. This review aims to systematically discuss the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal formulas, single herbs, and their isolated active constituents reported in the literature over the past two decades for the treatment of GD, summarize the molecular mechanisms of treatment, conduct a safety evaluation, clarify the potential advantages of TCM in GD therapy, and provide insights for future TCM-based GD treatment strategies. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from January 2005 to December 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating TCM interventions for Graves 'disease. The references included in this review were classified into five hierarchical levels according to their evidentiary nature and usage: clinical evidence (RCTs) for clinical efficacy evaluation, preclinical in vivo and in vitro evidence for mechanistic support, computational predictions (network pharmacology) for bioactive compound annotation, and traditional-use records for ethnopharmacological background. Numerous studies have shown that Chinese herbal formulas, single herbs, and their isolated active constituents have potential therapeutic benefits in the management of GD. These benefits are associated with reducing antibody levels, modulating immune homeostasis, inducing apoptosis of thyroid follicular cells, regulating gut microbiota, exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, among others. The reported signaling pathways and targets include Bcl-2/Bax, Fas/FasL, Caspase-3/Caspase-8, PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK, among others. TCM, backed by extensive clinical experience, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for GD. When combined with conventional antithyroid therapy, TCM has demonstrated favorable efficacy in the majority of clinical studies on GD. Future research should prioritize elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms of immune regulation, identifying the specific active constituents responsible for efficacy, and establishing standardized protocols to strengthen the theoretical and scientific foundation for TCM in GD treatment.
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5. Investigating the mechanism of Xiongfu formula and its active ingredient Z-Ligustilide alleviates chronic migraine by modulating the MAPK/ERK/CREB pathway and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
5. 研究芎附方及其活性成分Z-藁本内酯通过调节MAPK/ERK/CREB通路和小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症缓解慢性偏头痛的机制PMID:日期:2026-10-02Chronic migraine is a recurrent throbbing headache, which is often attributed to stagnated Qi and impaired blood circulation from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. Xiongfu formula (CRCR), consisting of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma, is a classic herbal formula in treating migraine from the treatise Jingyue Quanshu during the Ming Dynasty. This study sought to look at the potential molecular mechanism of CRCR and its active constituents for chronic migraine therapy. A rat model of chronic migraine was established by dural infusion of inflammatory soup. Pain-related behavioral assessments and trigeminal nerve injuries were used to evaluate CRCR's efficacy in chronic migraine treatment. RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were applied to identify the potential signaling pathways. The components of CRCR in the blood and brain tissues of chronic migraine rats were quantitatively determined using UPLC-MS/MS. The active ingredient against neuroinflammation in chronic migraine was further validated in BV-2 cell model. CRCR increased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds and inhibited the central sensitization in chronic migraine rats, suggesting its therapeutic ability in alleviating pain hypersensitivity and trigeminal nerve injuries. Transcriptomic analysis indicated the MAPK signaling pathway as the potential therapeutic target. CRCR suppressed MAPK pathway by downregulating MEK, ERK, JNK, p38, CREB and downstream effectors. CRCR also inhibited neuroinflammation by modulating microglial activation and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. Spectrum-effect correlation analysis and experimental validation reveled that Z-ligustilide (LIG) is the most promising active ingredient in CRCR for inhibiting neuroinflammation. Especially, the levels of LIG metabolites were below the limit of detection and were therefore not detected, while the parent molecular of LIG presents a high level in rat brain. Further verification demonstrated that LIG alleviated neuroinflammation via inhibiting MAPK/CREB and MEK/ERK pathway. And LIG had a stronger effect on the inflammatory factors compared to the reference inhibitor U0126. CRCR provided therapeutic benefits against chronic migraine through regulating the MAPK/ERK/CREB pathway. LIG represents a higher content in the blood and brain of migraine rats and remarkably suppresses MAPK/ERK/CREB pathway. Targeting MAPK mediated neuroinflammation with LIG and CRCR could serve as a potential treatment option for neuroinflammatory illnesses such as chronic migraine in future.
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6. Neuroprotective eremophilane sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia species attenuate glutamate-induced oxidative stress via MAPK signaling.
PMID:日期:2026-10-02Ligularia species (Asteraceae) have long been used in traditional East Asian medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorders. Although neuroprotection is not among their documented traditional indications, the close relationship among inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal injury, together with the reported analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of these species, provides a rationale for investigating their neuroprotective potential. Eremophilane sesquiterpenoids are the principal and most characteristic constituents of the genus Ligularia, and those from other natural sources have been reported to protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress. Given the close relationship among oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal injury, the traditional anti-inflammatory use of Ligularia and the reported neuroprotective activity of eremophilane sesquiterpenoids suggest that the genus may be a source of neuroprotective constituents, which has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the neuroprotective activity and eremophilane sesquiterpenoid profiles of three traditionally used Ligularia species (L. taquetii, L. fischeri, and L. stenocephala), and to identify the active constituents and their underlying mechanism. Neuroprotective activity was assessed in a glutamate-induced HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell model. Non-targeted UHPLC-Orbitrap MS metabolomics with feature-based molecular networking was used to compare metabolite profiles and to guide isolation. Isolated compounds were structurally characterized by spectroscopic and computational analyses and quantified by validated LC-MS/MS. Intracellular ROS and Ca levels, along with the expression of apoptosis-related and MAPK proteins, were measured, complemented by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and a Caenorhabditis elegans 6-hydroxydopamine model. Among the three species, L. taquetii exhibited the highest neuroprotective activity without detectable cytotoxicity and contained a markedly higher relative abundance of eremophilane sesquiterpenoids. Metabolomics-guided isolation yielded 15 eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, including eight previously undescribed compounds (taquetins A-H). Compounds 3 and 7 showed the strongest neuroprotective effects and accumulated at the highest levels in L. taquetii, with compound 7 detected exclusively in this species. Both compounds attenuated glutamate-induced ROS accumulation, Ca overload, and AIF-mediated apoptotic signaling, and suppressed phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK, consistent with network pharmacology and molecular docking predictions. Compound 7 further attenuated 6-hydroxydopamine-induced locomotor impairment in C. elegans without affecting growth. Among the three Ligularia species examined, the highest levels of neuroprotective eremophilane sesquiterpenoids were found in L. taquetii, and taquetins C and G (3 and 7) attenuated glutamate-induced oxidative neuronal injury through modulation of MAPK signaling. These findings support the traditional anti-inflammatory use of Ligularia species as a rational starting point for the discovery of neuroprotective constituents and identify L. taquetii as a source of eremophilane sesquiterpenoids that merit further investigation as candidates against oxidative stress-related neurodegeneration.
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7. Multi-Targeted Anti-Gout Effects of Anthocleista nobilis, a Traditional West African Medicinal Plant: Urate-Lowering and Anti-Inflammatory Actions in a Composite Mouse Model.
7. 西非传统药用植物Anthocleista nobilis的多靶点抗痛风作用：在复合小鼠模型中的降尿酸与抗炎效应PMID:日期:2026-10-02Anthocleista nobilis, a West African medicinal plant, has traditionally been used for rheumatism, arthritis, pain, inflammatory conditions, and metabolic disorders. However, direct ethnobotanical evidence for its traditional use specifically against gout is limited. The present study therefore pharmacologically explored the potential of A. nobilis ethanolic extract (ANEE) in gout-related experimental models. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical and safety profiles of A. nobilis ethanolic extract (ANEE) and evaluate its pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms. Phytochemical constituents were tentatively annotated by HPLC-QTOF-MS. Acute and 13-week repeated-dose toxicity studies were conducted in ICR mice. A murine composite gout model, combining potassium oxonate/hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemia and intra-articular monosodium urate (MSU) crystal injection, was established. ANEE (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) was orally administered. Plasma uric acid (UA), hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD), renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology were evaluated. Several constituents, including linoleic acid and palmitic acid, were tentatively annotated by HPLC-QTOF-MS. No mortality or apparent acute toxicity was observed following a single administration of 200 mg ANEE per mouse, corresponding nominally to approximately 8,000 mg/kg based on an average body weight of 25 g. In the gout model, high-dose ANEE (800 mg/kg) significantly decreased plasma UA by 63.4%, inhibited hepatic XOD, and reduced joint edema by 45.4% at 144 h. It also downregulated renal IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by 33.4%, 40.3%, and 20.7%, respectively. Histopathology confirmed alleviated synovial inflammation and renal tubular injury. ANEE exhibited urate-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in the composite gout model, while the in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that XOD inhibition may contribute to its urate-lowering activity. No major treatment-related abnormalities were observed under the toxicity conditions examined. These findings support further pharmacological investigation of ANEE in gout-related models.
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8. Corrigendum to "Mutton fat-processing enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of Epimedium koreanum Nakai via regulating the metabolism-inflammation-bone axis" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 372, (2027), 122153].
8. 对《羊脂炮制通过调控代谢-炎症-骨轴增强朝鲜淫羊藿抗骨质疏松作用》的勘误 [J. Ethnopharmacol. 372, (2027), 122153]PMID:日期:2026-10-01该文献暂无摘要。
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9. Methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) protects against iron- and lead-induced genomic damage without evidence of toxicity in CD-1 mice.
9. 墨西哥牛至（Lippia graveolens）的甲醇提取物对CD-1小鼠中铁和铅诱导的基因组损伤具有保护作用，且无毒性证据PMID:日期:2026-10-01Lippia graveolens Kunth (Mexican oregano) is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and inflammatory conditions. Its phenolic constituents provide a rationale for investigating additional biological properties, including protection against chemically induced genetic damage. To evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of a methanolic extract of L. graveolens against iron- and lead-induced genomic damage in CD-1 mice. The extract was characterized by HPLC-DAD. Acute intraperitoneal toxicity was assessed using an ascending dose design (1000-2000 mg/kg) with 14-day observation. Male CD-1 mice (n = 5/group) received the extract at 100 mg/kg under pre-treatment, co-treatment, or combined pre- and co-treatment regimens. Ferrous sulfate (72 mg/kg) or lead nitrate (98 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at 0 and 24 h. Endpoints included leukocyte viability, alkaline comet assay parameters, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte frequency, the PCE/NCE ratio, and body weight. Between-group comparisons and paired temporal analyses were complemented by exploratory Pearson correlations. HPLC-DAD analysis supported the identification of galangin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid by comparison with authentic standards. Acute exposure produced 50% mortality at 2000 mg/kg; a formal LD was not estimated. The extract alone at 100 mg/kg produced no statistically significant alterations in the evaluated endpoints. Combined pre- and co-treatment consistently produced the greatest attenuation of comet-assay damage, reducing background-corrected tail intensity by 91.0% and 85.4% for Fe and by 67.6% and 56.3% for Pb at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Micronucleus frequency was significantly reduced relative to both metal-only groups at 48 h. Responses in viability, PCE/NCE ratio, and body weight varied with treatment and sampling time. Correlations showed metal- and time-dependent associations. The methanolic extract of L. graveolens exhibited antigenotoxic activity against Fe- and Pb-associated genomic damage, particularly under combined pre- and co-treatment. These findings identify an additional biological property under defined experimental conditions without establishing the underlying mechanisms or validating traditional therapeutic uses.
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10. Prunella vulgaris L. ameliorates goiter in Wistar rats is associated with changes in Rap1GAP/CREB3L1/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
10. 夏枯草改善Wistar大鼠甲状腺肿的作用与Rap1GAP/CREB3L1/PI3K-AKT信号通路的变化相关PMID:日期:2026-10-01Prunella vulgaris L. (PV), known as Xia Ku Cao, has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine to dissipate nodules and reduce swelling and is widely used for thyroid disorders. However, its efficacy and mechanisms in iodine-deficiency-induced goiter remain unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of PV aqueous extract on iodine-deficiency-induced goiter and explored its potential molecular mechanisms. Forty-eight Wistar rats were used. Eight received a standard diet, whereas 40 received an iodine-deficient diet for 12 weeks and were subsequently assigned to the model, levothyroxine, or low-, medium-, and high-dose PV groups (n = 8). Treatments were administered orally for 16 weeks. Thyroid volume, thyroid weight, hormone levels, histopathology, ultrastructure, and hepatorenal biomarkers were evaluated. Chemical profiling and Deep DIA proteomics were performed, and selected proteins were validated by Western blotting. PV extract contained rosmarinic acid, salvianic acid A, and other potentially bioactive constituents. Medium- and high-dose PV significantly reduced thyroid volume and attenuated thyroid inflammatory infiltration and ultrastructural injury. Proteomic and Western blot analyses showed that these effects were associated with increased Rap1GAP expression, decreased CREB3L1 expression, and reduced PI3K-AKT pathway activation. PV produced no detectable alterations in thyroid hormone levels or the measured hepatorenal biomarkers. PV alleviated iodine-deficiency-induced goiter while preserving systemic thyroid function. Its effects were associated with modulation of the Rap1GAP/CREB3L1/PI3K-AKT signaling axis, supporting the traditional use of PV for thyroid enlargement.