FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY真菌遗传学与生物学
FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY(英文缩写 FUNGAL GENET BIOL),ISSN 1087-1845,eISSN 1096-0937,中文译名:真菌遗传学与生物学 是一本学术期刊。本页汇总该期刊的最新影响因子、分区信息以及最新收录于 PubMed 的文献,帮助您快速了解期刊全貌。
发文量统计区间：2025-09-27 至 2026-09-27，按本站收录文献的发表日期统计。
期刊介绍
历年影响因子趋势
| JCR 数据年份 | 影响因子 | JCR 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3.883 | Q2 |
| 2022 | 3.000 | Q2 |
| 2023 | 2.400 | Q3 |
| 2024 | 2.300 | Q3 |
| 2025 | 3.000 | Q2 |
FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY 最新收录文献
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2. Distinct mycelial network architectures during early development of Trichoderma atroviride and Neurospora crassa.
PMID:日期:2026-09-19The architecture of filamentous fungi is essential for foraging and the transport of resources, yet little is known about how these structures emerge during early development. We present a comparative, quantitative analysis of early mycelial formation in the model systems Trichoderma atroviride and Neurospora crassa. Using label-free microscopy and automated image processing to extract networks from colonies, we characterized the temporal evolution of two-dimensional (2D) hyphal networks beginning shortly after single-cell germination. We applied the framework of graph theory to evaluate metrics that describe growth dynamics, structure and connectivity for the two species. Both fungi exhibited exponential increase in hyphal tips and branching points (node number), hyphae (edge number), and total mycelium length, consistent with properties of filamentous growth. However, N. crassa displayed faster expansion, greater spatial anisotropy, and a more hierarchical organization dominated by hyphae with high connectivity, whereas T. atroviride formed more isotropic and decentralized networks. Notably, both species developed essentially tree-like architectures and converged to similar fractal dimensions, indicating comparable properties to fill 2D space. These results suggest that early networks in T. atroviride are decentralized, robust and resilient to localized damage, whereas in N. crassa they are hierarchical, favoring rapid and efficient spatial expansion.
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3. Lineage-specific adaptation and resistance in Candida albicans.
PMID:日期:2026-09-03Candida albicans exhibits substantial phenotypic and ecological diversity; however, the exact relationship between its population structure, adaptation to specific niches, and antifungal resistance remains incompletely understood. To investigate these evolutionary dynamics, we analyzed the whole-genome sequences from 591 publicly available isolates, integrating nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenomics with ecological and resistance-associated genomic analyses. Phylogenomic analyses resolved 18 core nuclear clusters together with multiple admixed lineages. Strong cytonuclear concordance was noted in the majority of the central lineages, contrasting with a higher discordance among the admixed groups, consistent with recurrent genetic exchange. The analysis revealed that geographic origin explains a larger fraction of genetic variance than anatomical niche, supporting a predominantly generalist population structure. A notable exception was Cluster N16 (Candida africana), which presented a strict genital origin in our dataset (n = 34). Additionally, although the mitochondrial genome exhibits strong purifying selection, candidate residues under diversifying selection correlated with specific niches (e.g., bloodstream) have been identified. Analysis of five resistance-associated genes (ERG11, UPC2, FKS1, TAC1 and FUR1) revealed that resistance-associated variants were generally rare but exhibited distinct gene-specific patterns. In case of ERG11 and FUR1 they were concentrated in a specific clade (N11, N17, and their admixed Group A) and exhibit gene-dependent zygosity patterns. In summary, the evolution of C. albicans appears to be driven by a predominantly clonal model punctuated by episodic genetic exchange, where both ecological adaptation and antifungal resistance mutations exhibit genomic signatures marked by lineage specificity.
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4. Functional analysis of Sec14-family proteins in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.
PMID:日期:2026-08-29Filamentous fungi rely on polarized hyphal growth, a process fundamentally driven by vesicular transport. Sec14, a conserved phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein first identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its Sec14-like SFH proteins have been implicated in multiple trafficking- and/or lipid-linked processes in diverse yeasts and pathogenic fungi. Despite substantial progress in Sec14 research in yeasts and a limited number of other fungi, systematic functional studies of Sec14/SFH proteins in filamentous fungi remain scarce. Here, using Aspergillus nidulans as a model filamentous fungus, we investigated the physiological function of Sec14-family genes. We identified eight orthologs of S. cerevisiae SEC14 and SFH genes in A. nidulans: secN (SEC14 ortholog) and seven sfh genes (sfhA-sfhG). Phenotypic analysis of single-deletion strains revealed that the ΔsecN strain exhibited severe growth retardation, accompanied by increased hyphal branching, defective conidiophore development, and extremely low conidia germination rate. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed that secN deletion impairs conidiophore morphogenesis during conidiation. Lipidomic analysis revealed that loss of secN altered the mycelial phospholipid composition. Analysis of lipid species recovered with affinity-purified SecN-V5 identified various phosphatidylinositol species, along with selected phosphatidylcholine species, as candidate SecN-associated lipids. In contrast, most sfh deletion strains showed no major growth defects under normal growth conditions, although they exhibited reduced growth sensitivity to calcofluor white. These findings indicate that SecN is a major Sec14-family protein required for normal growth, asexual development, and phospholipid homeostasis in A. nidulans, while suggesting that other Sfh proteins may have redundant or condition-specific functions. (244 words).
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5. The alkene 1-dodecene (C12) and the aromatic alcohols (tryptophol and tyrosol) present in the secretome of the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata activate the oxidative stress response.
PMID:日期:2026-06-01Candida glabrata is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen affecting immunocompromised individuals. Yeast cells exist in logarithmic-phase (LP) and stationary-phase (SP) states, with SP cells exhibiting high resistance to oxidative stress. Here, we show that LP cells become resistant to oxidative stress when exposed to nutritional stress and to conditioned medium from SP cells (CM, SP cell-free conditioned/spent medium). This adaptation requires the induction of CTA1 (catalase I) and the transcription factors (TFs) Yap1, Skn7, Msn2, and Msn4. In addition, CM reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Key secreted metabolites identified in the C. glabrata secretome include 1-dodecene (C12) and the aromatic alcohols (AAs) tyrosol and tryptophol. These metabolites increase H₂O₂ resistance in LP cells, but C12 induces the expression of CTA1, indicating that these are signaling molecules that confer resistance to ROS but through different pathways. C12-dependent induction of CTA1 depends on Yap1 and Skn7, while induction of CTA1 by nutrient starvation requires Msn2 and Msn4 suggesting different signal transduction pathways. RNA-seq analysis reveals that CM, C12, and AA up-regulate oxidative stress response genes, with C12 and CM inducing transcriptional profiles that resemble SP cells. This transcriptional reprogramming enhances OSR in LP cells, highlighting the role of quorum sensing molecules (QSM) in adaptive defense mechanisms of C. glabrata.
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6. Autophagy-related protein 4 contributes to siderophore biosynthesis, toxin production, and virulence in Alternaria alternata.
PMID:日期:2026-06-01The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata infects multiple citrus cultivars, causing brown spot disease. The role of autophagy in toxin production and siderophore biosynthesis remains to be further confirmed. This study identifies autophagy-related protein 4 (AaAtg4) as a critical regulator of fungal growth, development, stress resistance, iron homeostasis, and virulence, as determined by genetic and biochemical analyses. Targeted deletion of the AaAtg4 gene using split-marker recombination generated two ΔAaAtg4 mutants, which displayed reduced growth on minimal medium, impaired conidiation, delayed germination, and diminished formation of appressorium-like structures compared with the wild-type strain. The mutants were hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide and iron stress, highlighting the roles of AaAtg4 in oxidative stress tolerance and iron metabolism. ΔAaAtg4 mutant strains failed to produce detectable siderophores and exhibited downregulation of siderophore production-related genes (AaHapX, AaNps6, AaMirB) alongside upregulation of the AaSreA gene encoding a siderophore repressor. Toxin profiling further revealed altered host-selective toxin production, with distinct shifts in retention times in ΔAaAtg4 compared to the wild-type strain. However, AaAtg4, but not autophagy itself, was required for toxin production, as deletion of other autophagy-related genes had no effect. Reintroduction of functional AaAtg4 into a ΔAaAtg4 mutant rescues all defects, confirming that the loss of AaAtg4 function directly causes the observed phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that AaAtg4 is important for spore germination, siderophore biosynthesis, iron acquisition, oxidative stress resistance, and toxin production, thereby establishing its critical role in A. alternata virulence.
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7. An exceptionally large, intron-rich mitochondrial genome and complex RNA processing in the desert-dwelling fungus Helvella bachu.
PMID:日期:2026-06-01Fungal mitochondrial genomes exhibit exceptional variation in size and architecture, yet the genomic components and RNA-processing features associated with extreme expansion remain poorly understood. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome for the genus Helvella, and characterize its architecture in H. bachu, an ectomycorrhizal ascomycete inhabiting hyper-arid desert ecosystems in western China. Using PacBio HiFi sequencing, Illumina polishing, and full-length Iso-Seq transcriptomics, we assembled a circular 587,425-bp mitogenome containing a canonical set of 15 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and 24 tRNAs. Its expanded size is associated with extensive non-coding sequence, including 103 introns within protein-coding and rRNA genes, totaling 372,582 bp and accounting for 63.4% of the mitogenome, as well as 121,658 bp of repetitive elements representing 20.7% of the genome. Most introns were classified as group I, and collectively harbored numerous open reading frames predicted to encode GIY-YIG or LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases. Full-length transcript data supported fully spliced major transcript models and revealed additional intron-retaining, alternative-splice, and polycistronic transcripts, highlighting substantial mitochondrial RNA-processing heterogeneity in H. bachu. Comparative analyses of 191 fungal mitogenomes showed that Pezizales encompasses multiple enlarged mitogenomes whose expansion is associated with varying contributions from intronic and intergenic sequences. Together, these findings define the structural basis of mitogenome expansion in H. bachu, reveal substantial heterogeneity in fungal mitochondrial RNA processing, and provide a comparative framework for investigating the evolution of giant mitogenomes in Pezizales.
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8. The antifungal potential Debaryomyces hansenii against durum wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum.
PMID:日期:2026-06-01Durum wheat is highly susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Wheat can be protected with the use of environmentally-friendly and sustainable methods involving biological control agents (BCAs) such as yeasts. However, the mechanism underlying the antagonistic effects of yeasts on plant pathogens has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to expand the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of action of a Debaryomyces hansenii biopreparation through transcriptome profiling in F. graminearum cells using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The changes in the F. graminearum transcriptome resulting from biotic stress induced by the application of D. hansenii cells to durum wheat spikes, and abiotic stress induced by the application of a cell-free supernatant were compared and comprehensively analyzed. Each stressor elicited a completely different transcriptomic response, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding metabolic pathways essential for pathogen development associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, pathogenicity factors, effectors, and secondary metabolites. Numerous transporter genes were also identified, which indicates that fungi exhibit complex responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The study demonstrated that F. graminearum uses various strategies to overcome the biotic stress associated with BCAs, including the upregulation of the brefeldin A resistance gene (FGSG_02870), which encodes an antifungal compound that inhibits the growth of BCA cells. The present findings provide novel insights into the interactions between pathogens and BCAs with specific mechanisms of action at the transcriptome level, thus helping to explain the relative ineffectiveness of BCAs under certain conditions.
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9. The phospholipid flippase DNF-4 is implicated in membrane trafficking and hyphal development in Neurospora crassa.
PMID:日期:2026-06-01Phospholipid flippases (P4-ATPases) are central to the establishment of membrane lipid asymmetry, a property underlying membrane trafficking and polarized growth in eukaryotic cells. However, the specific contribution of individual flippases to hyphal morphogenesis in filamentous fungi remains poorly defined. Here, we characterize DNF-4, a putative P4-ATPase in Neurospora crassa with high sequence identity to the essential flippase Neo1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using endogenous tagging and live-cell imaging, we show that DNF-4 localizes to highly dynamic punctate structures associated with endoplasmic reticulum- and Golgi-related compartments, supported by quantitative co-localization analyses with the ER marker CSE-7-mChFP and the Golgi-associated Rab GTPase YPT-1-mChFP. FRAP experiments revealed partial fluorescence recovery, indicating dynamic exchange of DNF-4-associated compartments. These structures undergo bidirectional movement along the hypha, and their motility is strongly dependent on an intact microtubule cytoskeleton. Deletion of dnf-4 results in pronounced defects in hyphal growth and development, including reduced hyphal elongation, decreased biomass accumulation, smaller conidia, and a severe reduction in conidiation. These defects are accompanied by increased branching frequency, abnormal hyphal morphology, and altered Spitzenkörper positioning and dynamics, indicating impaired coordination of polarized growth. Our results demonstrate that DNF-4 contributes to membrane trafficking processes required for the maintenance of hyphal polarity and normal developmental progression in N. crassa. These findings provide new evidence that P4-ATPases play an important role in the spatial organization of membrane trafficking pathways underlying fungal morphogenesis.
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10. The sepD5 mutation of Aspergillus nidulans localizes to a gene encoding a LIM domain protein required for contractile ring constriction and recruitment of key septation proteins.
PMID:日期:2026-06-01In this research we localize the cytokinesis-inhibiting sepD5 mutation in Aspergillus nidulans to gene AN3659, previously named paxB, which is predicted to encode a LIM domain protein orthologous to the Pxl1 scaffold proteins of S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. The genetic lesion in sepD5 is predicted to result in a Q-to-R amino acid substitution at position 31 of the 776-residue PaxB protein within a region of intrinsic disorder. When grown at restrictive temperature, sepD5 strains are aseptate with impaired conidiogenesis. AN3659 null mutants replicate the sepD5 phenotype. Neither the sepD5 mutation nor deletion of paxB prevents assembly of the cortical contractile actomyosin rings (CARs) at putative septation sites, though the rings fail to constrict. Fluorescently tagged wild-type PaxB localizes to both the CAR and the Spitzenkörper (Spk) at the growing hyphal apex. Through structural truncation studies, we identify specific regions of PaxB whose presence is necessary for localization to the CAR and the Spk, as well as for proper formation of conidiophores. Deletion or downregulation of genes that prevent formation of actin rings at septation sites also blocks localization of PaxB to those same sites. Deletion or downregulation of genes that permit cortical actin ring formation while blocking constriction of those same rings does not prevent PaxB localization to CARs. When grown at restrictive temperature, sepD5 strains and paxB null strains permit normal targeting of several septation-associated proteins to cortical actin rings, while recruitment of the formin SepA, the serine-threonine protein kinase PkcA, and the chitin synthase ChsA is impaired.